Table 2.

Multivariate regression analysis for risk factors of lymph node metastasis among clinical stage IA (cT1N0M0) peripheral non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Characteristics	Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval	P value
LN metastasis
Age (young VS elderly)	1.691	0.910–3.142	0.097
Gender (male VS female)	0.730	0.423–1.259	0.257
Tumor consistency (pure solid VS part-solid/pure ground glass)	4.505	1.713–11.850	0.002
Histology (adenocarcinoma VS nonadenocarcinoma)	0.764	0.372–1.564	0.463
Tumor size (cm)	1.603	1.007–2.551	0.047
Tumor differentiation (G3 VS G1/G2)	3.860	2.243–6.643	<0.001
Visceral pleural invasion (yes VS no)	1.529	0.899–2.601	0.117
N1 LN metastasis
Age (young VS elderly)	2.065	1.049–4.064	0.036
Gender (male VS female)	0.770	0.435–1.362	0.369
Tumor consistency (pure solid VS part-solid/pure ground glass)	11.274	2.644–48.069	0.001
Histology (adenocarcinoma VS nonadenocarcinoma)	0.460	0.226–0.938	0.033
Tumor size (cm)	1.283	0.790–2.083	0.313
Tumor differentiation (G3 VS G1/G2)	2.779	1.587–4.867	<0.001
Visceral pleural invasion (yes VS no)	1.615	0.923–2.825	0.093
N2 LN metastasis
Age (young VS elderly)	2.400	1.083–5.316	0.031
Gender (male VS female)	0.612	0.320–1.170	0.137
Tumor consistency (pure solid VS part-solid/pure ground glass)	3.108	1.033–9.349	0.044
Histology (adenocarcinoma VS nonadenocarcinoma)	1.422	0.555–3.640	0.463
Tumor size (cm)	1.516	0.867–2.652	0.145
Tumor differentiation (G3 VS G1/G2)	6.250	3.172–12.314	<0.001
Visceral pleural invasion (yes VS no)	1.738	0.935–3.232	0.080

Note: LN = lymph node.