Table 2.
Hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for incidence of pneumonia (Def. 3) according to oral health status and oral hygiene behaviors (n = 122,551).
| Events (n) | Follow-up duration (person-years) | Incidence rate (per 1,000 person-years) | HR (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | p-value | Adjusted* | p-value | ||||
| Periodontal disease | |||||||
| Absent | 2,403 | 646300.0 | 3.7 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Present | 2,278 | 636424.5 | 3.6 | 0.962 (0.909, 1.019) | 0.1906 | 0.945 (0.891, 1.003) | 0.0607 |
| Number of dental caries | |||||||
| 0 | 3,778 | 1051655.0 | 3.6 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 1–4 | 723 | 196446.2 | 3.7 | 1.025 (0.947, 1.110) | 0.5433 | 1.043 (0.961, 1.131) | 0.3141 |
| ≥5 | 180 | 34623.1 | 5.2 | 1.448 (1.247, 1.682) | <0.0001 | 1.265 (1.086, 1.473) | 0.0025 |
| Number of missing teeth | |||||||
| 0 | 3,145 | 984681.7 | 3.2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 1–4 | 914 | 224793.0 | 4.1 | 1.276 (1.186, 1.374) | <0.0001 | 1.100 (1.021, 1.186) | 0.0126 |
| ≥5 | 622 | 73249.74 | 8.5 | 2.682 (2.461, 2.923) | <0.0001 | 1.218 (1.113, 1.332) | <0.0001 |
| Number of tooth brush (times/day) | |||||||
| 0–1 | 966 | 172128.9 | 5.6 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 2 | 2,091 | 527852.4 | 4.0 | 0.704 (0.652, 0.760) | <0.0001 | 0.896 (0.829, 0.967) | 0.0050 |
| ≥3 | 1,624 | 582743.2 | 2.8 | 0.494 (0.456, 0.535) | <0.0001 | 0.853 (0.786, 0.926) | 0.0001 |
| Professional dental cleaning | |||||||
| <1/year | 3,740 | 337251.2 | 11.1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≥1/year | 941 | 945473.2 | 1.0 | 0.703 (0.655, 0.756) | <0.0001 | 0.920 (0.855, 0.990) | 0.0255 |
Values adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, Charlson comorbidity index category, smoking, drinking, exercise, income, periodontal disease, dental caries, missing teeth, gum bleeding, tooth brush, and professional dental cleaning.