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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 13.
Published in final edited form as: J Clin Neurophysiol. 2015 Aug;32(4):369–374. doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000196

FIG. 3.

FIG. 3.

Simplified model of the interaction of afferent and efferent pathways involved in the prepulse inhibition, tactile blink reflex (BR) and auditory startle reflex (ASR) in humans. Red broken lines: Prepulses originated in the peripheral nerves (p-pns) and in the auditory system (p-ans); green lines: circuit for the electrically elicited BR; blue lines: circuit for the ASR. Black dotted line: inhibitory action exerted by the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) on the trigeminal nucleus (V). Yellow dotted and broken line: inhibitory action exerted by the PPN on the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis. VII: Brainstem nucleus of the facial nerve; VIII: brainstem nucleus of the auditory nerve. SR: startle reflex, which is abnormal (asterisk) in restless legs syndrome.