Figure 3.

Pulmonary vascular disease phenotypes in COPD. Risk of death due to pulmonary hypertension and features in different pulmonary vascular disease phenotypes in COPD.

Abbreviations: PH, pulmonary hypertension; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in the first second; DLCO, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; 6MWT, six-minute walking test; CPET, cardiopulmonary exercise test; PaO₂, partial pressure of arterial oxygen; mPAP, mean pulmonary artery pressure; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; CI, cardiac index; PAWP, pulmonary artery wedge pressure.