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. 2020 Jun 9;15:4021–4047. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S238476

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© 2020 Johnson et al.

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(A) Water-holding capacity (WHC) of CNF and CO-CNF. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. (n=3). Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05 analyzed by Tukey’s test and denoted by an asterisk (*). (B) The swelling ratio of CNF and CO-CNF. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. The differences were considered significant at (p < 0.05) analyzed by Tukey’s test and denoted by letters (a–e).

Abbreviations: CNF, cellulose nanofibers; CO-CNF, ĸ-carrageenan oligosaccharides linked cellulose nanofibers.