Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Study Population for Matched Cohort of Symptomatic Women vs Women in the Reference Group at Index Date (Date of First Menopause Symptom). (N=34,092). All N (%) Unless Otherwise Stated
| Reference Group (Controls) n=17,046 | Symptomatic Women (Cases) n=17,046 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||
| Age y, median (IQR) | 49.00 (47.00, 51.00) | 49.00 (48.00, 51.00) | 0.802 |
| District | |||
| Centre | 10,808 (63.4%) | 10,808 (63.4%) | 1.00 |
| North | 3,088 (18.1%) | 3,088 (18.1%) | |
| South | 3,150 (18.5%) | 3,150 (18.5%) | |
| Socioeconomic status* | |||
| 1st (lowest) | 5,521 (32.4%) | 5,249 (30.8%) | 0.018 |
| 2nd | 3,422 (20.1%) | 3,512 (20.6%) | |
| 3rd | 3,381 (19.8%) | 3,455 (20.3%) | |
| 4th (highest) | 4,722 (27.7%) | 4,830 (28.3%) | |
| Clinical indices | |||
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 14,119 (82.8%) | 14,552 (85.4%) | <0.001 |
| Ever | 2,384 (14.0%) | 2,118 (12.4%) | |
| Unknown | 543 (3.2%) | 376 (2.2%) | |
| Deyo-Charlson Index | |||
| 0 | 2,725 (16.0%) | 2,796 (16.4%) | 0.344 |
| 1 | 886 (5.2%) | 887 (5.2%) | |
| 3 | 285 (1.7%) | 261 (1.5%) | |
| ≥4 | 127 (0.7%) | 103 (0.6%) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 831 (4.9%) | 631 (3.7%) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 613 (3.6%) | 607 (3.6%) | 0.861 |
| Hypertension | 2,765 (16.2%) | 2,620 (15.4%) | 0.031 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 475 (2.8%) | 459 (2.7%) | 0.596 |
| COPD | 99 (0.6%) | 68 (0.4%) | 0.016 |
| Osteoporosis | 580 (3.4%) | 416 (2.4%) | <0.001 |
| Major depression | 82 (0.5%) | 103 (0.6%) | 0.122 |
| Other depression | 848 (5.0%) | 1,037 (6.1%) | <0.001 |
| Anxiety | 808 (4.7%) | 1,107 (6.5%) | <0.001 |
| Insomnia | 228 (1.3%) | 347 (2.0%) | <0.001 |
| Hysterectomy | |||
| 1 year before index | 81 (0.5%) | 100 (0.6%) | 0.157 |
| Medication use within 6 months before index | |||
| Anti-anxiety (hypnotics) | 1,575 (9.2%) | 2,001 (11.7%) | <0.001 |
| SSRI | 1,236 (7.3%) | 1,416 (8.3%) | <0.001 |
| SNRI | 388 (2.3%) | 476 (2.8%) | 0.002 |
| Bisphosphonates | 177 (1.0%) | 114 (0.7%) | <0.001 |
Notes: *Socioeconomic status is based on the poverty index of the member’s enumeration area, as defined by the 2008 National Census. The poverty index is based on parameters including household income, educational level, crowding, physical conditions and car ownership. A higher score indicates higher level of SES.
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; SNRI, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.