Table 1.
Demographics and Clinical Characteristics. Statistically significant results are in bold
|
Underweight [BMI <18.5 kg/m2] |
Normal weight [BMI 18.5- 24.9 kg/m2] |
Overweight [BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2] |
Obese [BMI ≥30 kg/m2] |
p-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, n (eyes, n) | 9 (18 eyes) | 214 (401 eyes) | 153 (289 eyes) | 146 (264 eyes) | |
| Age, years; mean (SD) | 37.9 (10.0) | 42.5 (12.2) | 44.0 (12.3) | 43.2 (11.5) | 0.47d |
| Female; n (%) | 9 (100%) | 171 (80%) | 91 (60%) | 105 (72%) | <0.001e |
| Raceb | 0.001f | ||||
| Caucasian-American; n, (%) | 8 (89%) | 167 (78%) | 124 (81%) | 99 (68%) | |
| African-American; n, (%) | 1 (11%) | 37 (17%) | 22 (14%) | 46 (32%) | |
| Other; n (%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (5%) | 7 (5%) | 1 (1%) | |
| MS subtype | 0.93g | ||||
| PPMS; n (%) | 0 (0%) | 24 (11%) | 14 (9%) | 14 (10%) | |
| SPMS; n (%) | 2 (22%) | 40 (19%) | 33 (22%) | 28 (19%) | |
| RRMS; n (%) | 7 (78%) | 150 (70%) | 106 (69%) | 104 (71%) | |
| Eyes with a history of ON; n (%) | 8 (56%) | 99 (25%) | 61 (22%) | 56 (21%) | 0.44h |
| Patients with a history of ON; n (%) | 7 (78%) | 96 (45%) | 65 (42%) | 65 (45%) | 0.9i |
| EDSS; median (IQR)c | n/a | 3 (2-6)c | 3.5 (2.5-5.5)c | 3.75 (2.5-5.5)c | 0.93j |
| Disease duration, years; median (IQR) | 11 (8-19) | 8 (3-13) | 7 (3-11) | 6 (2-13) | 0.26k |
| Follow-up time, years; median (IQR) | 3.87 (2.76-4.50) | 4.83 (2.61-7.06) | 3.94 (2.53-6.82) | 4.37 (2.63-5.81) | 0.16l |
| Patient-years on disease-modifying treatments during follow-upb | 0.007m | ||||
| None; n (%) | 2.2 (6%) | 239.4 (24%) | 137.2 (19%) | 155.6 (24%) | |
| Low-potency; n (%) | 10.7 (30%) | 418.6 (41%) | 321.9 (45%) | 231.3 (36%) | |
| Intermediate-potency; n (%) | 4.1 (11%) | 156.2 (15%) | 114.1 (16%) | 116.9 (18%) | |
| High-potency; n (%) | 19.1 (53%) | 180.3 (18%) | 127.6 (18%) | 139.4 (21%) | |
| Other immunosuppressive medication; n (%) | 0 (0%) | 12.9 (1%) | 17.2 (2%) | 7.7 (1%) | |
P-values for group comparisons between the normal weight, overweight and obese cohorts. Data from 9 MS patients who were underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) are provided for descriptive reasons but are not included in analyses due to insufficient sample size.
The sum of percentages is not 100% due to rounding.
Baseline EDSS data were available for 89 patients with normal weight, 64 overweight patients and 52 obese patients.
Age: one-way ANOVA; Pairwise comparisons by t-test: Normal weight vs Overweight (p=0.23), Normal weight vs Obese (p=0.54), Overweight vs Obese (p=0.58)
Sex: chi-squared test; Pairwise comparisons: Normal weight vs Overweight (p<0.001), Normal weight vs Obese (p=0.08), Overweight vs Obese (p=0.024)
Race: Fisher’s exact test; Pairwise comparisons: Normal weight vs Overweight (p=0.74), Normal weight vs Obese (p=0.001), Overweight vs Obese (p<0.001)
MS subtype: Chi-squared test; Pairwise comparisons: Normal weight vs Overweight (p=0.69), Normal weight vs Obese (p=0.89), Overweight vs Obese (p=0.88)
Eyes with a history of ON: Chi-squared test; Pairwise comparisons: Normal weight vs Overweight (p=0.97), Normal weight vs Obese (p=0.43), Overweight vs Obese (p=0.44)
Patients with a history of ON: Chi-squared test; Pairwise comparisons: Normal weight vs Overweight (p=0.65), Normal weight vs Obese (p=0.95), Overweight vs Obese (p=0.72)
EDSS: Kruskal-Wallis test; Pairwise comparisons by Wilcoxon rank-sum test: Normal weight vs Overweight (p=0.85), Normal weight vs Obese (p=0.97), Overweight vs Obese (p=0.64)
Disease duration: Kruskal-Wallis test; Pairwise comparisons by Wilcoxon rank-sum test: Normal weight vs Overweight (p=0.35), Normal weight vs Obese (p=0.11), Overweight vs Obese (p=0.48)
Follow-up time: Kruskal-Wallis test; Pairwise comparisons by Wilcoxon rank-sum test: Normal weight vs Overweight (p=0.45), Normal weight vs Obese (p=0.27), Overweight vs Obese (p=0.94)
Patient-years on DMTs: Chi-squared test; Pairwise comparisons: Normal weight vs Overweight (p=0.09), Normal weight vs Obese (p=0.10), Overweight vs Obese (p=0.002)
BMI: body mass index; DMT: disease-modifying treatment; EDSS: expanded disability status scale; IQR: interquartile range; MS: multiple sclerosis: ON: optic neuritis; RRMS: relapsing remitting MS; PPMS: primary progressive MS; SPMS: secondary progressive MS