Table 2.

Effects of height and BMI on QoL¹ and exercise capacity²

	Height z-score All ages			BMI z-score Age ≤20 years			BMI Age >20 years
	Slope	SE	p-value	Slope	SE	p-value	Slope	SE	p-value
QoL
Total PedsQL Score	2.73	0.52	<0.001	−0.39	0.69	0.58	−0.32	0.22	0.15
Physical Functioning	2.83	0.61	<0.001	−1.16	0.78	0.14	−0.35	0.26	0.19
Perceived Physical Appearance	1.28	0.80	0.11	−1.42	1.01	0.16	−0.16	0.35	0.64
Emotional functioning	2.13	0.70	0.003	0.51	0.91	0.57	−0.33	0.30	0.27
Social functioning	3.59	0.63	<0.001	−0.20	0.86	0.81	−0.23	0.26	0.38
School functioning	2.27	0.65	<0.001	−0.34	0.86	0.69	−0.36	0.27	0.19
Psychosocial health summary	2.58	0.55	<0.001	0.03	0.73	0.96	−0.33	0.23	0.15
Health problems and treatment	1.71	0.62	0.006	−0.52	0.81	0.52	−0.45	0.26	0.08
Treatment II	−1.27	0.90	0.16	−0.56	0.90	0.53	−0.29	0.46	0.53
Treatment anxiety	−0.77	0.77	0.32	0.05	0.96	0.96	−0.57	0.33	0.09
Cognitive problem	2.20	0.74	0.003	−0.18	0.94	0.84	−0.01	0.32	0.98
Communication problem	1.00	0.83	0.23	0.36	1.06	0.73	−0.27	0.36	0.46
	Change in Height z-score All ages			Change in BMI z-score Age ≤20 years			Change inBMI Age >20 years
	Slope	SE	p-value	Slope	SE	p-value	Slope	SE	p-value
Exercise Capacity
VO2 max	2.61	1.08	0.02	−2.02	1.83	0.27	−1.25	0.33	<0.001

SE=standard error

¹repeated measures multivariable regression, controlling for gender, age, race, family income, caregiver education, and ventricular type.

²linear regression models, controlling for exercise capacity at F1, gender, age at last Fontan, age at stage 2, Fontan type, and ventricle type.