Fig. 1.

Schematic of the experimental paradigm. The patterns of retrograde transneuronal transport seen after injections of RV into the anterior wall of the stomach. Each stage of transport is numbered. (A) The survival time was adjusted to restrict transport to third-order neurons, such as output neurons in cortical Layer V that influence parasympathetic function. (B) The anterior and posterior vagus nerves were sectioned and the survival time was adjusted to restrict transport to fourth-order neurons, such as output neurons in cortical Layer V that influence sympathetic function. CeA, central nucleus of the amygdala; CG, celiac ganglion; DMN, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus; IML, intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord; RVLM, rostral ventrolateral medulla.