Table 2.
Differences between genetic mutation carrier groups on neuropsychological tests within seven cognitive domains
| Domain | MAPT mutation carriers | n | GRN mutation carriers | n | C9orf72 mutation carriers | n | p Value | Group differences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language | − 2.2 ± 1.5 | 26 | − 2.5 ± 1.4 | 20 | − 2.3 ± 1.4 | 28 | < 0.01 | GRN = MAPT = C9orf72 < NC |
| BNT60 | − 2.4 ± 2.6 | 23 | − 2.3 ± 2.5 | 17 | − 2.1 ± 1.9 | 22 | < 0.01 | GRN = MAPT = C9orf72 < NC |
| Semantic fluency | − 2.5 ± 1.2 | 26 | − 2.7 ± 1.3 | 20 | − 2.6 ± 1.3 | 27 | < 0.01 | GRN = MAPT = C9orf72 < NC |
| Letter fluency | − 0.6 ± 1.3 | 17 | − 2.2 ± 0.6 | 13 | − 1.2 ± 0.8 | 18 | < 0.01 | GRN < MAPT = C9orf72 < NC |
| Attention and mental processing speed | − 1.2 ± 1.9 | 25 | − 4.3 ± 4.1 | 18 | − 2.1 ± 2.3 | 24 | < 0.01 | GRN < MAPT = C9orf72 < NC |
| TMT A* | − 0.8 ± 1.2 | 25 | − 3.9 ± 4.1 | 18 | − 2.3 ± 3.6 | 24 | < 0.01 |
GRN < MAPT < NC C9orf72 < NC |
| SCWT card I and II* | − 2.7 ± 3.2 | 21 | − 4.9 ± 5.8 | 17 | − 3.0 ± 1.6 | 19 | < 0.01 | GRN = MAPT = C9orf72 < NC |
| Executive functioning | − 2.7 ± 2.5 | 25 | − 5.3 ± 2.5 | 18 | − 4.0 ± 2.6 | 24 | < 0.01 |
GRN < MAPT < NC C9orf72 < NC |
| TMT B* | − 2.3 ± 2.8 | 24 | − 5.5 ± 2.7 | 18 | − 3.8 ± 2.6 | 23 | < 0.01 |
GRN < MAPT < NC C9orf72 < NC |
| SCWT card III* | − 3.2 ± 4.0 | 20 | − 7.7 ± 4.6 | 17 | − 5.3 ± 3.4 | 19 | < 0.01 |
GRN < MAPT < NC C9orf72 < NC |
| WCST concepts* | − 1.6 ± 1.6 | 16 | − 2.8 ± 0.6 | 14 | − 1.1 ± 1.6 | 14 | < 0.01 |
GRN < C9orf72 < NC MAPT < NC |
| WAIS-III Similarities | − 1.6 ± 2.2 | 11 | − 2.8 ± 1.4 | 10 | − 1.8 ± 1.3 | 10 | < 0.01 | GRN = C9orf72 = MAPT < NC |
| Memory—learning | − 3.3 ± 6.6 | 25 | − 4.7 ± 6.1 | 18 | − 3.0 ± 5.3 | 24 | 0.02 | MAPT = GRN < NC |
| RAVLT-learning | − 1.1 ± 1.2 | 21 | − 1.1 ± 1.8 | 14 | − 1.4 ± 1.1 | 19 | < 0.01 | MAPT = C9orf72 = GRN < NC |
| RBMT-learning | − 2.1 ± 0.7 | 10 | − 2.0 ± 1.0 | 10 | − 1.7 ± 1.0 | 11 | < 0.01 | GRN = MAPT = C9orf72 < NC |
| VAT* | − 6.3 ± 10.7 | 12 | − 10.6 ± 11.8 | 12 | − 5.0 ± 9.4 | 16 | 0.02 | GRN < NC |
| Memory—recall | − 1.3 ± 1.3 | 24 | − 1.0 ± 1.6 | 16 | − 0.9 ± 1.2 | 22 | < 0.01 | MAPT < NC |
| RAVLT-recall | − 0.9 ± 1.3 | 21 | − 0.7 ± 1.7 | 14 | − 0.5 ± 1.1 | 19 | 0.05 | MAPT < NC |
| RBMT-recall | − 2.2 ± 0.8 | 9 | − 1.7 ± 1.0 | 10 | − 1.6 ± 1.1 | 11 | < 0.01 | GRN = MAPT = C9orf72 < NC |
| Working memory | − 0.4 ± 1.7 | 11 | − 1.1 ± 2.2 | 8 | − 1.2 ± 1.2 | 10 | 0.09 | n.s |
| WAIS-III Digit Span | − 0.4 ± 1.7 | 11 | − 1.1 ± 2.2 | 8 | − 1.2 ± 1.2 | 10 | 0.09 | n.s |
| Visuoconstruction | − 0.7 ± 2.4 | 20 | − 1.0 ± 1.6 | 18 | − 1.2 ± 2.7 | 22 | 0.30 | n.s |
| Clock drawing | − 0.7 ± 2.4 | 20 | − 1.0 ± 1.6 | 18 | − 1.2 ± 2.7 | 22 | 0.30 | n.s |
Values indicate mean ± SD
Non-carriers were excluded as they had means of zero and SDs of one by definition
MAPT microtubule-associated protein tau, GRN progranulin, C9orf72 chromosome 9 open reading frame 72, BNT Boston Naming Test, TMT Trail Making Test, WCST Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, RAVLT Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, RBMT Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test, VAT Visual Association Test, n.s not significant
The p values constitute interaction terms of univariate analyses of covariance (corrected for age) (on z-scores and *log10 transformed data)