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. 2020 May 20;117(23):13084–13093. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1921226117

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Decreased temporal accuracy when animals are penalized for starting trials in the reward area. (A) In control condition, animals had a 1.5 s timeout period to leave the reward area after motor onset. In “no-timeout” condition, crossing the infrared beam any time before 7 s is considered as an error. (B) Median ET for animals trained in the no-timeout (black) and control (gray) conditions. Colored dots indicate performance for individual “no-timeout” animals. Yellow line shows statistically significant differences between groups (permutation test; SI Appendix, Methods). The dashed magenta line shows the GT. (C) Median trajectory of no-timeout animals (same colors as in B) in session #30. (D) PDF of the no-timeout animals’ positions at the beginning of each trial, from sessions #20 to #30. (E) After extensive training in control condition, animals (n=7) were tested in a no-timeout probe session, in which the beam started at the beginning of the trial, rather than 1.5 s later. (F) Trajectories of a representative animal in (Left) the last “control” and (Right) the probe session. (G) (Left) Median ETs and (Right) percentage of correct trials in the sessions immediately before and after the change in beam start time. Each line represents a single animal. Asterisks indicate significant differences (nonparametric paired comparison; SI Appendix, Methods). Box plots show data range (center line, median; box, 25th and 75th percentiles; whiskers, 5th and 95th percentiles).