Figure 2.

Movement of translation and rotation in deionized water. (a, d) Scheme of translational and rotational movement of the MNM-SP in gradient and rotary magnetic field, respectively. (b) Video snapshots of the MNM-SP navigating with a predesigned route by gradient magnetic field actuation. (c) Average translational speed of MNM-SPs with different magnetic field gradients. (e) Video snapshots of MNM-SPs rotating at different time intervals (frequency of the rotary magnetic field is 2 Hz). (f) Average rotating speed (1 Hz = 2π rad/s) (in (DI) water) of MNM-SPs in the rotary magnetic field (10 mT) with different frequencies. Error bars indicate standard deviation (N = 5).