Table 1.
Patients' Demographic and Anamnestic Data (AB/FF, n=2121; GLY/IND, n=1056; UME/VL, n=476)
| Characteristics | AB/FF | GLY/IND | UME/VL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age ± SD, years (n) | 65.50±10.52 (2121) | 65.69±10.42 (1055) | 65.44±10.50 (476) | |
| Mean BMI ± SD, kg/m2 (n) | 27.61±5.88 (2120) | 27.58±5.80 (1056) | 27.27± 5.47 (476) | |
| Gender | Female, n (%) | 916 (43.19) | 406 (38.45) | 225 (47.27) |
| Male, n (%) | 1205 (56.81) | 650 (61.55) | 251 (52.73) | |
| Smoking status | Smoker, n (%) | 1014 (47.85) | 519 (49.15) | 236 (49.58) |
| Non-smoker, n (%) | 286 (13.50) | 140 (13.26) | 59 (12.39) | |
| Ex-smoker, n (%) | 819 (38.65) | 397 (37.59) | 181 (38.03) | |
| Prior COPD treatment (chemical subgroup), patients, n (%) | ||||
| Selective β2-adrenoceptor agonists | 977 (46.06) | 423 (40.06) | 186 (39.08) | |
| Anticholinergics | 634 (29.89) | 335 (31.72) | 106 (22.27) | |
| Adrenergics and other anti-asthmatics | 345 (16.27) | 135 (12.78) | 85 (17.86) | |
| Adrenergics in combination with anticholinergics | 235 (11.08) | 103 (9.75) | 60 (12.61) | |
| Glucocorticoids | 223 (10.51) | 69 (6.53) | 37 (7.77) | |
| Corticosteroids | 50 (2.36) | 5 (0.47) | 9 (1.89) | |
| Other anti-asthmatics for systemic use | 28 (1.32) | 17 (1.61) | 8 (1.68) | |
| Xanthines | 17 (0.80) | 12 (1.14) | 5 (1.05) | |
| Mucolytics | 6 (0.28) | 4 (0.38) | 0 | |
| Leukotriene receptor antagonists | 4 (0.19) | 1(0.09) | 1 (0.21) | |
| Medical gases (oxygen) | 4 (0.19) | 2 (0.19) | 2 (0.42) | |
| Macrolides | 0 | 2 (0.19) | 0 | |
| Other inhalants | 0 | 2 (0.19) | 0 | |
| Ace inhibitors, plain | 1 (0.05) | 0 | 0 | |
| Anti-asthmatics | 1 (0.05) | 0 | 0 | |
| Opium alkaloids and derivatives | 1 (0.05) | 0 | 0 | |
| Platelet aggregation inhibitors excluding heparin | 1 (0.05) | 0 | 0 | |
| Concomitant diseases, patients, n (%) | ||||
| Without concomitant disease | 1323 (62.38) | 712 (67.42) | 295 (61.97) | |
| With concomitant disease | 798 (37.62) | 344 (32.58) | 181 (38.03) | |
| Most frequent concomitant diseases, patients, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 521 (24.56) | 218 (20.64) | 123 (25.84) | |
| Coronary artery disease | 123 (5.80) | 56 (5.30) | 25 (5.25) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 97 (4.57) | 40 (3.79) | 20 (4.20) | |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 67 (3.16) | 21 (1.99) | 22 (4.62) | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 44 (2.07) | 23 (2.18) | 20 (4.20) | |
| Most frequent concomitant therapies, patients, n (%) | ||||
| Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system | 396 (18.67) | 148 (14.02) | 90 (18.91) | |
| Beta blocking agents | 280 (13.20) | 110 (10.42) | 64 (13.45) | |
| Antithrombotic agents | 215 (10.14) | 83 (7.86) | 51 (10.71) | |
| Exacerbations within the last 24 months | ||||
| Without exacerbations, n (%) | 1338 (63.08) | 736 (69.76) | 315 (66.18) | |
| With exacerbations, n (%) | 783 (36.92) | 319 (30.24) | 161 (33.82) | |
| Mean number ± SD (n) | 0.75±1.40 (2121) | 0.57±1.21 (1055) | 0.71±1.28 (476) | |
Notes: Glucocorticoids = ATC-chemical subgroup R03BA. This chemical subgroup includes Beclometason, Budesonid, Flunisolid, Betamethason, Fluticason, Triamcinolon, Mometason, Ciclesonid, Fluticasonfuroat and Dexamethason; Corticosteroids = ATC-chemical subgroup R01AD (mainly Prednisolon in this study).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.