Table 3.
Prophylactic genital herpes vaccines in preclinical testing
| Vaccine candidates | Properties | References |
|---|---|---|
| Live attenuated virus | ||
| HSV529* | Deletion of two genes essential for replication, UL5, UL29 | [113] |
| HSV-2-ΔgD | Emphasis on inducing potent ADCC | [85] |
| HSV-1 VC2 mutations in gK and UL20 | Defective in virus entry and retrograde neuronal transport | [114] |
| HSV-2 UL24 mutant | Syncytial mutant with reduced virulence | [115] |
| HSV-2 ICP0 mutant | Replication-defective | [116] |
| HSV-2gD27 | Defective in entry in neuronal cells | [44] |
| Inactivated virus | ||
| HSV-2 with MPL/alum | Formalin-inactivated virus with adjuvant | [117] |
| Subunit protein antigens | ||
| gD2, UL19 and UL25 with GLA-SE adjuvant* | Induces potent CD4 and CD8 T cells | [42] |
| HSV-2 gB2, gD2 and UL40 with adjuvants | Stimulates potent neutralizing and CD8 T cell responses | [64] |
| gB2 and gD2 in nanoemulsion | Intranasal vaccine to block virus entry | [118] |
| Nucleoside-modified mRNA | ||
| gC2, gD2, gE2 mRNA-LNP | Induces neutralizing antibodies and antibodies that block immune evasion | [58] |
| DNA vaccine | ||
| gB2 with chemokine CCL19 | Enhanced mucosal antibody response | [119] |
*
HSV529 is in phase 1/2a human trials as a therapeutic vaccine combined with gD2, UL19 and UL25 and GLA-SE adjuvant (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04222985)