TABLE 2.
Average annual percentage change of age-adjusted mortality rates from systemic sclerosis and systemic sclerosis−related pulmonary hypertension, 2003−2016
| Variable | Systemic sclerosis average annual change % (95% CI) | Systemic sclerosis−pulmonary hypertension average annual change % (95% CI) |
| Total | −3.0 (−3.3 to −2.7)# | 0.1 (−2.3 to 2.6)¶ |
| Sex | ||
| Male | −3.5 (−4.1 to −2.8) | −1.4 (−3.0 to 0.1) |
| Female | −2.7 (−3.0 to −2.4) | 0.5 (−2.1 to 3.2) |
| Race | ||
| White | −2.9 (−3.3 to −2.5) | 0.1 (−2.6 to 2.9) |
| Black | −3.6 (−4.7 to −2.5) | −0.4 (−3.1 to 2.4) |
| Hispanic | −3.5 (−4.7 to −2.2) | −0.9 (−3.1 to 1.3) |
| Race/sex | ||
| White men | −3.4 (−4.2 to −2.5) | −1.5 (−3.6 to 0.6) |
| Black men | −4.1 (−6.3 to −1.9) | −1.2 (−5.6 to 3.4) |
| Hispanic men | −4.1 (−6.9 to −1.1) | −1.5 (−12.2 to 10.3) |
| White women | −2.5 (−2.9 to −2.1) | 0.7 (−2.0 to 3.4) |
| Black women | −3.4 (−4.9 to −1.9) | −0.2 (−3.3 to 3.0) |
| Hispanic women | −3.2 (−4.3 to −2.0) | −0.9 (−3.0 to 1.1) |
| Region | ||
| Northeast | −1.9 (−3.5 to −0.3) | −0.2 (−3.6 to 3.2) |
| South | −4.2 (−4.9 to −3.5) | −1.0 (−3.4 to 1.3) |
| Midwest | −2.8 (−3.9 to −1.6) | 1.0 (−1.8 to 3.9) |
| West | −2.6 (−3.9 to −1.2) | −0.9 (−3.4 to 1.7) |
| Age-groups years | ||
| <35 | −0.8 (−3.4 to 1.8) | −1.4 (−7.1 to 4.7) |
| 35–54 | −3.5 (−4.2 to −2.9) | −1.7 (−4.6 to 1.4) |
| 55–74 | −3.7 (−4.2 to −3.3) | −1.2 (−2.7 to 0.3) |
| ≥75 | −1.1 (−2.7 to 0.6) | 3.6 (0.9 to 6.3) |
| Contributing causes of death | ||
| Respiratory | ||
| Interstitial lung disease | 1.2 (−0.2 to 2.6) | 6.0 (2.0 to 10.2) |
| COPD | −1.7 (−3.4 to 0) | 2.5 (−2.4 to 7.7) |
| Pulmonary embolism | −0.2 (−2.9 to 2.6) | −1.5 (−5.5 to 2.7) |
| Cardiovascular | ||
| Ischaemic heart disease | −4.9 (−5.7 to −4.1) | 0.2 (−2.9 to 3.4) |
| Cardiomyopathy | −1.7 (−2.7 to −0.8) | 2.7 (1.4 to 4.1) |
| Hypertension | −2.2 (−3.3 to −1.2) | 3.1 (0.6 to 5.7) |
| Valvular heart disease | −2.8 (−5.8 to 0.3) | 3.6 (−1.9 to 9.4) |
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. #: no joinpoint identified.; ¶: one joinpoint identified at 2008: 2003–2008, APC 5.2% (95% CI −0.8 to 11.5); 2008–2016, APC −3.0% (−5.6 to −0.2%).