Figure 1.

Identification of stemness phenotype in tumour spheres derived from parental A549 cells. A, The diagram shows the SFE of tumour sphere‐derived cells and parental A549 cells, respectively. B, Representative images of sphere formation from tumour sphere‐derived cells and parental A549 cells cultured in non‐adhesive conditions for 12 days. Scale bars: 100 µm. C, Tumorigenesis of tumour sphere‐derived cells or parental A549 cells in nude mice (n = 3). D, qPCR analysis of ALDH1, CD133, Nanog and Sox2. E, Western blot analysis of ALDH1, CD133, Nanog and Sox2. F, Immunofluorescent staining of tumour spheres and parental A549 cells. Scale bars: 100 μm. G, Transwell migration of tumour sphere‐derived cells and parental A549 cells. Scale bars: 200 μm. H, Transwell invasion of tumour sphere‐derived cells and parental A549 cells. Scale bars: 100 μm. I, Western blot analysis of E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, vimentin, MMP‐9 and MMP‐1. Tumour spheres vs. A549 cells; * P < .05. ** P < .01. *** P < .001. Data are mean ± SD from three independent experiments performed in triplicate