Table 2.
Results of logistic regression of association between patient, imaging and cancer variables and the odds of having a first imaging test between 4-8 months (compared to 0-3 months) pre-diagnosis.
| Variable | TOtal | Patients with early test |
Crude OR (95 % CI) |
p-value | Adjusted OR1 (95 % CI) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | N | % | |||||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 1,345 | 278 | 20.7 | Reference | 0.247 | Reference | 0.613 |
| Female | 618 | 142 | 23.0 | 1.14 (0.91, 1.44) | 0.94 (0.73, 1.21) | ||
| Age Group | |||||||
| <35 | 10 | 4 | 40.0 | 2.89 (0.76, 10.95) | 0.315 | 2.74 (0.62, 12.20) | 0.248 |
| 35-44 | 49 | 8 | 16.3 | 0.85 (0.36, 2.01) | 0.87 (0.34, 2.23) | ||
| 45-54 | 144 | 27 | 18.8 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 55-64 | 317 | 76 | 24.0 | 1.37 (0.84, 2.23) | 1.72 (1.01, 2.94) | ||
| 65-74 | 621 | 140 | 22.5 | 1.26 (0.80, 2.00) | 1.56 (0.95, 2.57) | ||
| 75-84 | 573 | 121 | 21.1 | 1.16 (0.73, 1.85) | 1.63 (0.98, 2.71) | ||
| 85+ | 249 | 44 | 17.7 | 0.93 (0.55, 1.58) | 1.27 (0.71, 2.26) | ||
| Ethnicity | |||||||
| White | 1,878 | 406 | 21.6 | Reference | 0.172 | Reference | 0.318 |
| Asian | 21 | 5 | 23.8 | 1.13 (0.41, 3.11) | 1.41 (0.48, 4.10) | ||
| Black | 14 | 5 | 35.7 | 2.01 (0.67, 6.04) | 1.43 (0.43, 4.74) | ||
| Mixed | 4 | 0 | 0.0 | Omitted | Omitted | ||
| Other/ Unknown |
42 | 4 | 9.5 | 0.38 (0.14, 1.08) | 0.39 (0.13, 1.18) | ||
| IMD | |||||||
| 1 | 461 | 96 | 20.8 | 1.12 (0.77, 1.63) | 0.207 | 1.34 (0.89, 2.02) | 0.432 |
| 2 | 487 | 103 | 21.1 | 1.14 (0.79, 1.65) | 1.34 (0.90, 2.01) | ||
| 3 | 418 | 84 | 20.1 | 1.07 (0.73, 1.57) | 1.19 (0.78, 1.80) | ||
| 4 | 324 | 85 | 26.2 | 1.51 (1.02, 2.23) | 1.47 (0.96, 2.24) | ||
| 5 | 273 | 52 | 19.0 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Haematuria | |||||||
| No | 1,016 | 314 | 30.9 | Reference | <0.001 | Reference | <0.001 |
| Yes | 947 | 106 | 11.2 | 3.55 (2.79, 4.52) | 3.02 (2.32, 3.95) | ||
| Modality | |||||||
| X-ray | 207 | 68 | 33.3 | 2.45 (1.74, 3.46) | <0.001 | 2.89 (1.97, 4.22) | <0.001 |
| USS | 951 | 218 | 22.9 | 1.49 (1.17, 1.89) | 1.34 (1.01, 1.76) | ||
| CT | 805 | 134 | 16.6 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Gp-referred | |||||||
| No | 1,616 | 280 | 17.3 | Reference | <0.001 | Reference | <0.001 |
| Yes | 347 | 140 | 40.3 | 3.23 (2.51, 4.14) | 2.51 (1.88, 3.36) | ||
| Cancer site | |||||||
| Bladder | 1,197 | 199 | 16.6 | Reference | <0.001 | Reference | <0.001 |
| Kidney | 680 | 192 | 28.2 | 1.97 (1.57, 2.47) | 1.75 (1.29, 2.37) | ||
| UUTUCC | 86 | 29 | 33.7 | 2.55 (1.59, 4.09) | 2.85 (1.67, 4.85) | ||
| Stage | |||||||
| 0 | 415 | 74 | 17.8 | Reference | <0.001 | Reference | <0.001 |
| 1 | 378 | 102 | 27.0 | 1.70 (1.21, 2.39) | 1.07 (0.71, 1.60) | ||
| 2 | 155 | 24 | 15.5 | 0.84 (0.51, 1.40) | 0.65 (0.37, 1.11) | ||
| 3 | 160 | 40 | 25.0 | 1.54 (0.99, 2.38) | 0.86 (0.51, 1.45) | ||
| 4 | 247 | 31 | 12.6 | 0.66 (0.42, 1.04) | 0.29 (0.17, 0.50) | ||
| Unknown | 338 | 78 | 23.1 | 1.38 (0.97, 1.97) | 1.08 (0.72, 1.62) | ||
| Missing | 270 | 71 | 26.3 | 1.64 (1.14, 2.38) | 1.02 (0.66, 1.60) | ||
Abbreviations: CI= confidence interval; CT=computed tomography; IMD= index of multiple deprivation; N= number of patients; OR = odds ratio; USS=ultrasound; UUTUCC= upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma.
All p-values based on joint Wald test of categorical variables.
1
Model also adjusted for year of diagnosis, p-value not significant (results not shown).