TABLE 1.
Summary of the origin, count of total gram‐negative bacteria, and count of carbapenem‐resistant bacteria (CRB) obtained for the 11 soil samples from the Los Angeles–Southern California area tested in this study
| Sample | Date | Location (Type) | Urban/agricultural | GPS location | Total bacteria (cfu/g) | CRB (cfu/g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S1 | 10/3/2016 | Lindley Ave. and Nordhoff St., Northridge (adjacent to CSUN Pond) | Urban | 34.235587–118.5274932 | 1.2·105 | 8.5·102 |
| S2 | 1/9/2017 | Reseda Blvd. and Gresham St., Northridge (highly transited intersection) | Urban | 34.2307707–118.5382339 | 9.6·104 | <10 |
| S3 | 2/4/2017 | Reseda Blvd. and Lemarsh St., Northridge (Northridge Recreation Center park) | Urban | 34.2543024–118.5345628 | TNTC | <10 |
| S4 | 4/16/2017 | Aqueduct Ave., North Hills (private chicken coop, sample A) | Urban | 34.2308032–118.4751102 | 3.0·104 | 1.3·104 |
| S5 | 4/16/2017 | Aqueduct Ave., North Hills (private chicken coop, sample B) | Urban | 34.2308032–118.4751102 | 3.0·104 | 1.3·104 |
| S7 | 8/6/2017 | Sunset Valley Rd., Moorpark (adjacent to produce farm) | Agricultural | 34.2558565–118.8558643 | 1.9·103 | 1.6·103 |
| S8 | 8/6/2017 | Tierra Rejada Rd., Moorpark (adjacent to horse farm) | Agricultural | 34.26555732–118.8345638 | 2.7·103 | 5.6·102 |
| S9 | 8/6/2017 | Santa Rosa Rd. and Moorpark Rd., Camarillo (adjacent to an avocado orchard, sample A) | Agricultural | 34.2461891–118.8708311 | 1.1·103 | 2.8·102 |
| S10 | 8/6/2017 | Santa Rosa Rd. and Moorpark Rd., Camarillo (adjacent to an avocado orchard, sample B) | Agricultural | 34.2461891–118.8708311 | 2.4·103 | 4.4·102 |
| S11 | 12/26/2018 | Prairie Rd. and Darby Ave., Northridge (grass area recently fertilized) | Urban | 34.2391393–118.5360182 | 1.3·105 | 2.5·102 |
| S12 | 1/7/2019 | Hill Canyon trail, Camarillo (hiking trail near a strawberry farm) | Agricultural | 34.2281655–118.9322636 | 9.3·104 | 3.0·102 |
Abbreviation: TNTC, too numerous to count.