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. 2020 Jun 6;2020:7865484. doi: 10.1155/2020/7865484

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Analysis of osteogenic differentiation in primary human MSC (n = 5). (a) QPCR analyses of SPP1, RUNX2, and ALPL expression after 14 days of osteogenic differentiation and respective controls with and without 10 μM papaverine or 1 mM db-cAMP. RPS27A was used as the housekeeping gene. QPCR data were obtained from technical triplicates and results are shown as mean ± SEM. Fold change was calculated with the ΔΔCT method. Significances were calculated with the Student t-test (∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.005). (b) Alizarin red staining of primary MSC differentiated towards the osteogenic lineage for 14 days with and without application of 10 μM papaverine or 1 mM db-cAMP. Four representative donors are shown. The bar represents 100 μm. ALPL: tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase; c: control; db-cAMP: dibutyryl-cAMP; oD: osteogenic differentiation; Papa: papaverine; RUNX2: runt-related transcription factor 2; SPP1: secreted phosphoprotein 1.