Table 2.
Cytokine profile of multiple myeloma (MM) patients and healthy volunteers. Data are presented as median values and 25% and 75% ranges, and as p values from global Kruskal-Wallis's test and post hoc comparisons (Mann-Whitney's tests, if the p value of the global test is significant). When post hoc tests were used with Bonferroni's correction, p values less than 0.0083 (0.05/6) were considered as significant. p∗:pvalues from MM patients who were profiled using Kruskal-Wallis's test only.
| Cytokine (pg/ml) |
N1 = 13 Primary refractory |
N2 = 28 Early relapse |
N3 = 30 Sensitive |
N4 = 30 Healthy control |
p | p∗ | Cytokine level comparisons | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N1 vs. N2 | N1 vs. N3 | N1 vs. N4 | N2 vs. N3 | N2 vs. N4 | N3 vs. N4 | |||||||
| FGF basic | 36.76 (35.28; 40.98) |
36.86 (30.05; 40.96) |
37.39 (33.13; 44.36) |
42.98 (38.19; 45.73) |
0.002 | 0.422 | 0.327 | 0.947 | 0.010 | 0.240 | <0.001 | 0.029 |
| Eotaxin | 91.35 (85.14; 122.48) |
63.70 (41.35; 94.77) |
80.60 (52.21; 114.19) |
77.92 (64.39; 111.20) |
0.020 | 0.016 | 0.006 | 0.128 | 0.059 | 0.094 | 0.036 | 0.912 |
| G-CSF | 370.56 (310.22; 452.35) |
297.80 (404.66; 515.53) |
285.18 (356.15; 565.95) |
153.24; (125.02; 196.33) |
<0.001 | 0.884 | 0.575 | 0.802 | <0.001 | 0.883 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| GM-CSF | 0.09 (0.09; 0.09) |
0.09 (0.09; 1.07) |
0.09 (0.09; 2.71) |
0.09 (0.09; 0.09) |
0.005 | 0.126 | 0.726 | 0.142 | 0.186 | 0.119 | 0.194 | 0.009 |
| IFN-γ | 2.56 (2.56; 3.92) |
4.22 (2.58; 7.71) |
3.17 (2.58; 8.03) |
7.11 (5.48; 9.35) |
0.001 | 0.528 | 0.300 | 0.634 | 0.001 | 0.460 | 0.022 | 0.001 |
| IL-1β | 1.18 (0.72; 1.40) |
0.98 (0.79; 1.23) |
0.96 (0.67; 1.58) |
0.66 (0.56; 0.78) |
<0.001 | 0.826 | 0.510 | 0.812 | 0.002 | 0.750 | <0.001 | 0.003 |
| IL-1ra | 77.66 (56.52; 88.80) |
123.61 (84.44; 229.09) |
97.65 (81.76; 190.37) |
156.76 (114.39; 200.03) |
0.002 | 0.054 | 0.028 | 0.081 | 0.001 | 0.438 | 0.080 | 0.004 |
| IL-2 | 5.29 (4.57; 6.59) |
5.27 (4.45; 6.35) |
5.80 (3.81; 8.09) |
4.58 (3.75; 5.40) |
0.088 | 0.591 | ||||||
| IL-4 | 6.10 (5.54; 8.14) |
3.05 (4.32; 7.10) |
5.89 (3.90; 8.04) |
3.83 (3.46; 5.04) |
0.001 | 0.042 | 0.022 | 0.321 | <0.001 | 0.074 | 0.529 | 0.004 |
| IL-5 | 21.91 (13.91; 24.73) |
20.31 (13.93; 28.46) |
18.70 (12.23; 29.20) |
0.49 (0.49; 0.49) |
<0.001 | 0.903 | 0.823 | 0.905 | <0.001 | 0.663 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| IL-6 | 4.31 (3.71; 5.50) |
2.77 (1.69; 4.53) |
2.81 (1.32; 6.25) |
0.78 (0.25; 1.15) |
<0.001 | 0.256 | 0.096 | 0.182 | <0.001 | 0.957 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| IL-7 | 24.31 (22.77; 30.93) |
18.77 (12.76; 23.68) |
21.56 (14.06; 27.80) |
28.42 (23.61; 37.61) |
<0.001 | 0.417 | 0.013 | 0.101 | 0.250 | 0.269 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| IL-8 | 9.05 (6.45; 13.66) |
10.04 (5.42; 14.00) |
8.81 (5.61; 15.71) |
5.47 (3.89; 7.84) |
0.006 | 0.869 | 0.726 | 0.606 | 0.004 | 0.846 | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| IL-9 | 521.17 (493.01; 563.54) |
456.79 (388.65; 503.60) |
463.19 (417.69; 498.60) |
96.10 (77.64; 109.55) |
<0.001 | 0.063 | 0.021 | 0.059 | <0.001 | 0.669 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| IL-10 | 7.86 (0.70; 9.65) |
0.70; (0.70; 10.18) |
8.16 (0.70; 11.35) |
0.70 (0.70; 2.73) |
0.004 | 0.325 | 0.433 | 0.761 | 0.016 | 0.164 | 0.269 | 0.001 |
| IL-12 (p70) | 1.26 (0.52; 1.26) |
0.52 (0.52; 1.85) |
0.52 (0.52; 1.26) |
0.52 (0.52; 0.52) |
0.106 | 0.452 | ||||||
| IL-13 | 2.03 (1.21; 2.56) |
1.95 (1.22; 2.37) |
2.44 (1.59; 4.49) |
2.25 (1.56; 2.93) |
0.158 | 0.109 | ||||||
| IL-15 | 60.20 (0.73; 95.88) |
33.09 (0.73; 57.22) |
35.59 (0.73; 57.17) |
0.73 (0.73; 17.63) |
0.001 | 0.469 | 0.275 | 0.348 | 0.010 | 0.663 | 0.011 | 0.001 |
| IL-17A | 22.43 (18.08; 25.41) |
17.54 (12.49; 22.80) |
21.67 (14.22; 27.43) |
15.31 (13.33; 17.86) |
0.001 | 0.061 | 0.036 | 0.692 | <0.001 | 0.061 | 0.118 | 0.006 |
| IP-10 | 1005.09 (718.00; 1513.88) |
995.24 (799.42; 1382.12) |
856.17 (563.91; 1401.93) |
446.74 (314.48; 532.69) |
<0.001 | 0.246 | 0.751 | 0.552 | <0.001 | 0.127 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| MIP-1α | 1.98 (1.51; 2.27) |
2.86 (1.86; 4.66) |
2.61 (1.61; 4.85) |
1.50 (1.04; 2.05) |
<0.001 | 0.226 | 0.090 | 0.182 | 0.036 | 0.669 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| MIP-1β | 144.24 (128.26; 150.91) |
126.10 (109.80; 138.44) |
126.92 (114.07; 138.88) |
89.42 (73.77; 95.09) |
<0.001 | 0.108 | 0.052 | 0.066 | <0.001 | 0.715 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| PDGF-BB | 1983.54 (1464.66; 2679.98) |
2613.66 (1638.61; 3649.08) |
3229.92 (2699.29; 3673.74) |
3548.95 (2996.41; 4344.56) |
0.003 | 0.065 | 0.293 | 0.016 | 0.001 | 0.222 | 0.008 | 0.145 |
| RANTES | 12785.10 (10177.75; 15066.21) |
10531.33; (8930.91; 13155.06) |
11470.88 (10461.28; 12495.46) |
9020.47 (7730.21; 9708.91) |
<0.001 | 0.123 | 0.052 | 0.321 | <0.001 | 0.205 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| TNF-α | 23.98 (20.13; 29.36) |
22.92 (20.94; 26.88) |
23.41 (20.10; 36.45) |
64.17 (49.52; 72.71) |
<0.001 | 0.426 | 0.989 | 0.224 | <0.001 | 0.319 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| VEGF | 95.37 (73.59; 157.42) |
78.35 (17.37; 147.09) |
101.96 (77.96; 173.58) |
112.53 (76.37; 181.90) |
0.239 | 0.337 | ||||||
| MCP-1 | 26.35 (21.85; 29.66) |
23.50 (16.46; 29.74) |
23.65 (17.55; 36.64) |
26.93 (16.21; 40.98) |
0.733 | 0.624 | ||||||