Table 1.
Participant Characteristics.
| Characteristics | Total (N = 120) |
African American (N = 54) |
White (N = 66) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD)/N (%) | M (SD)/N (%) | M (SD)/N (%) | ||
| Sexa | .021b | |||
| Female | 77 (64.17%) | 41 (75.93%) | 36 (54.55%) | |
| Male | 43 (35.83%) | 13 (24.07%) | 30 (45.45%) | |
| Age (years)c | 70.64 (9.36) | 65.61 (7.44) | 74.76 (8.77) | <.001b |
| Educations (years)c | 15.85 (2.27) | 15.21 (2.20) | 16.36 (2.22) | .005b |
| Marital statusa | .053 | |||
| Single | 15 (12.61%) | 11 (20.75%) | 4 (6.06%) | |
| Married | 56 (47.06%) | 24 (45.28%) | 32 (48.48%) | |
| Otherd | 48 (40.34%) | 18 (33.96%) | 30 (45.45%) | |
| Housinga | .755 | |||
| House/Apt/Condo | 90 (75.63%) | 42 (79.25%) | 48 (72.73%) | |
| Senior housing | 27 (22.69%) | 10 (18.87%) | 17 (25.76%) | |
| Othere | 2 (1.68%) | 1 (1.89%) | 1 (1.52%) | |
| Transportationa | .360 | |||
| Drive own vehicle | 95 (79.83%) | 40 (75.47%) | 55 (83.33%) | |
| Otherf | 24 (20.17%) | 13 (24.53%) | 11 (16.67%) | |
| Occupational statusa | .479 | |||
| Employed | 22 (18.49%) | 8 (15.09%) | 14 (21.21%) | |
| Not employedg | 108 (81.51%) | 45 (84.91%) | 52 (78.79%) | |
| Years retiredb,c | 11.07 (9.33) | 8.32 (7.31) | 13.22 (10.21) | .014b |
| Number of comorbiditiesc | 3.08 (2.19) | 3.10 (2.42) | 3.06 (2.01) | .932 |
| Use assistive device for walkinga | .170 | |||
| No | 89 (74.79%) | 41 (77.36%) | 48 (72.73%) | |
| Yes | 19 (15.97%) | 10 (18.87%) | 9 (13.64%) | |
| Sometimes | 11 (9.24%) | 2 (3.77%) | 9 (13.64%) | |
| Number of medicationsc | 4.25 (3.54) | 3.58 (3.01) | 4.78 (3.85) | .064 |
| Falls in previous yearc | 1.03 (2.81) | 0.94 (2.39) | 1.09 (3.13) | .769 |
| Fall worryc,h | 2.51 (1.37) | 2.22 (1.44) | 2.74 (1.28) | .040b |
| Self-rated quality of lifec,i | 5.46 (1.24) | 5.30 (1.46) | 5.58 (1.03) | .238 |
| Composite physical function score (/24)c | 20.03 (4.84) | 20.02 (4.91) | 20.05 (4.82) | .976 |
| Frequency of leaving housea | .031b | |||
| <1 Per week | 1 (0.84%) | 1 (1.89%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| 1–2 Times per week | 8 (6.72%) | 6 (11.32%) | 2 (30.30%) | |
| 3–4 Times per week | 45 (37.81%) | 24 (45.28%) | 21 (31.82%) | |
| Everyday | 65 (54.62%) | 22 (41.51%) | 43 (65.15%) |
Note. Characteristics of participants. Frequency of different characteristics may vary because of missing data. Missing data were excluded when calculating percentage, mean, and SD.
a
Chi-square tests or Fisher’s exact tests were used for categorical variables. bExcluding those who have not retired or missing data. cWelch Two sample t-test was used for continuous variables. dIncludes Separated/Divorced, and Windowed. eIncludes assisted living, relative homes, and others. fIncludes family/friends drive, transportation service, and public transportation. gIncludes homemaker, retired, volunteer, and disability. hTreated as continuous, out of 7, lower is better. iTreated as continuous, out of 7, higher is better.