Table 1.
Statistical analysis
| Shank3– (n = 11 WT, 8 HET, 7 KO pairs) | Genotype sex match | Interactiontime (s) | Genotype and sex Post hoc: Scheffe genotype Fig. 2A |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,28) = 0.935, p = 0.343; main effect of genotype: F(2,28) = 5.338, p < 0.012; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(1,28) = 2.932, p = 0.073 HET vs KO: p < 0.021 HET vs WT: p = 0.750 KO vs WT: p = 0.0508 |
| Shank3+ (n = 11 WT, 8 HET, 7 KO pairs) | Interactiontime (s) | Genotype and sex Fig. 2B |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,25) = 0.733, p = 0.401; no main effect of genotype: F (2,25) = 0.098, p = 0.906; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (1,25) = 0.517, p = 0.604 | |
| Shank3– (n = 24 WT, 16 HET, 20 KO) | Social interaction with a juvenile | Interactiontime (s) | Sex, genotype, trial Post hoc: pairwise t test: initial vs recognition Fig. 2C |
Three-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,119) = 1.591, p = 0.209; main effect of genotype: F(2,119) = 3.725, p < 0.027; main effect of trial: F(1,119) = 11.937, p < 0.0007; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(2,119) = 0.229, p = 0.795; no main effect of sex × trial: F
(1,119) = 2.984, p = 0.086; no main effect of genotype × trial: F
(1,119) = 2.261, p = 0.1088; main effect of genotype × sex × target: F(2,119) = 2.761, p < 0.034
WT: p < 0.002 HET: p = 0.317 KO: p = 0.373 |
| Shank3+ (n = 24 WT, 19 HET, 16 KO) | Interactiontime (s) | Sex, genotype, trial Post hoc: pairwise t test: initial vs recognition Fig. 2D |
Three-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,121) = 1.70, p = 0.193; no main effect of genotype: F
(2,121) = 0.275, p = 0.759; main effect of trial: F
(1,121) = 16.421, p < 0.00009; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(2,121) = 0.568, p = 0.568; main effect of sex × trial: F(1,121) = 0.049, p = 0.951; main effect of genotype × trial: F(1,121) = 0.049,p = 0.951; main effect of genotype × sex × target: F(2,121) = 6.527,p < 0.002
WT: p < 0.024 HET: p < 0.04 KO: p < 0.019 |
|
| Shank3– (n = 24 WT, 16 HET, 20 KO) | Trial 1: chamber bias | Genotype and chamber Post hoc: Scheffe; sex × chamber Fig. 2E |
Three-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,126) = 0.539, p = 0.464; no main effect of genotype: F
(2,126) = 0.115, p = 0.890; no main effect of chamber: F
(1,126) = 0.362, p = 0.548; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(2,126) = 0.676, p = 0.510; main effect of sex × chamber: F(1,126) = 16.42, p < 0.00009; main effect of genotype × chamber: F(1,126) =, p < 0.043; no main effect of genotype × sex × chamber: F
(2,126) = 0.676, p = 0.510 Back: p = 0.117 Front: p = 0.294 |
|
| Trial 2: duration in chamber; inanimate vs social | Genotype and interaction target (social vs inanimate) Post hoc: Scheffe chamber: mouse vs inanimate Sex × chamber Fig. 2F |
Three-way ANOVA; main effect of sex: F
(1,127) = 0.469, p = 0.494; main effect of genotype: F
(2,127) = 0.828, p = 0.439; main effect of chamber: F(1,127) = 37.75, p < 0.00001; main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(2,127) = 0.131, p = 0.877; main effect of sex × chamber: F(1,27) = 7.60, p < 0.006; main effect of genotype × chamber: F
(1,127) = 2.27, p < 0.106; main effect of genotype × sex × chamber: F
(2,127) = 1.51, p = 0.223 WT: p < 0.00000003 HET: p = 0.196 KO: p < 0.0012 Female: inanimate vs mouse p = 0.233 Male: inanimate vs mouse p < 0.0000001 |
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| Trial 3: duration in chamber; familiar vs novel | Sex, genotype, and chamber Post hoc Scheffe chamber: novel vs familiar Fig. 2G |
Three-way ANOVA; main effect of sex: F
(1,122) = 0.472, p = 0.493; main effect of genotype: F
(2,122) = 0.150, p = 0.860; main effect of chamber: F(1,122) = 2.242, p < 0.0137; main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(2,122) = 0.070, p = 0.924; main effect of sex × chamber: F
(1,122) = 3.54, p = 0.062; main effect of genotype × chamber: F
(1,122) = 2.816, p = 0.064; main effect of genotype × sex × chamber:F(2,122) = 0.049, p = 0.951
WT: p < 0.003 HET: p = 0.439 KO: p = 0.442 |
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| Shank3+ (n = 24 WT, 19 HET, 20 KO) | 3-Box social interaction | Trial 1: chamber bias | Genotype and chamber Fig. 2H |
Three-way ANOVA; main effect of sex: F (1,81) = 3.306, p = 0.073; main effect of genotype: F (2,81) = 0.071, p = 0.930; main effect of chamber: F (1,81) = 0.059, p = 0.808; main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (2,81) = 0.134, p = 0.874; main effect of sex × chamber: F (1,81) = 0.001, p = 0.965; main effect of genotype × chamber: F (1,81) =,p = 0.042; main effect of genotype × sex × chamber: F (2,81) = 0.784,p = 0.460 |
| Trial 2: duration in chamber; inanimate vs social | Genotype and interaction target (social vs inanimate) Post hoc: Scheffe; chamber: mouse vs inanimate Fig. 2I |
Three-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,87) = 0.313, p = 0.577; no main effect of genotype: F
(2,87) = 1.121, p = 0.300; main effect of chamber: F(1,87) = 15.327, p < 0.0002; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(2,87) = 0.067, p = 0.934; no main effect of sex × chamber: F
(1,87) = 0.940, p = 0.335; no main effect of genotype × chamber: F
(1,87) = 0.446, p = 0.641; no main effect of genotype × sex × chamber: F
(2,87) = 2.049, p = 0.135 WT: p < 0.0044 HET: p = 0.153 KO: p < 0.0012 |
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| Trial 3: duration in chamber; familiar vs novel | Sex, genotype, and chamber Post hoc: Scheffe; chamber: novel vs familiar Fig. 2J |
Three-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,85) = 0.175, p = 0.676; no main effect of genotype: F
(2,85) = 0.354, p = 0.703; main effect of chamber: F(1,85) = 14.75, p < 0.0002; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(2,85) = 0.803, p = 0.451; no main effect of sex × chamber: F
(1,85) = 0.0021, p = 0.963; no main effect of genotype × chamber: F
(1,85) = 0.451, p = 0.638; main effect of genotype × sex × chamber: F(2,85) = 4.321, p < 0.016
WT: p < 0.017 HET: p = 0.099 KO: p < 0.037 |
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| Shank3– (n = 24 WT, 16 HET, 20 KO) | Caged conspecific | Interaction time | Sex, genotype, target Fig. 2K |
Three-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,122) = 0.720, p = 0.397; no main effect of genotype: F (2,122) = 0.652, p = 0.522; main effect of target: F(1,122) = 26.610, p < 1.09E-6; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (2,122) = 0.218, p = 0.804; no main effect of sex × target: F (1,122) = 1.029, p = 0.312; no main effect of genotype × target:F (1,122) = 0.759, p = 0.470; no main effect of genotype × sex ×target: F (2,122) = 1.730, p = 0.182 |
| Shank3+ (n = 24 WT, 19 HET, 16 KO) | Interaction time | Sex, genotype, target Fig. 2L |
Three-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,107) = 0.004, p = 0.945; no main effect of genotype: F (2,107) = 0.785, p = 0.458; main effect of target: F(1,107) = 6.554, p < 0.012; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (2,107) = 0.042, p = 0.958; no main effect of sex × target: F (1,107) = 0.737, p = 0.392; no main effect of genotype × target:F (1,107) = 0.475, p = 0.623; no main effect of genotype × sex ×target: F (2,107) = 0.085, p = 0.918 | |
| Shank3– (n = 24 WT, 16 HET, 20 KO) | Grooming | Duration | Sex and genotype Post hoc: Scheffe Fig. 3A |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,62) = 1.638, p = 0.205; main effect of genotype: F(2,62) = 11.844, p < 0.00005; no sex × genotype interaction: F
(1,62) = 1.347, p = 0.267 WT vs HET: p < 0.00045 HET vs KO: p = 0.968 WT vs KO: p < 0.0007 |
| Bouts | Sex and genotype Post hoc: Scheffe Fig. 3B |
Two-way ANOVA; main effect of sex: F(1,62) = 8.226, p < 0.0057; main effect of genotype: F(2,62) = 3.730, p < 0.030; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(1,62) = 0.750, p = 0.476 WT vs HET: p = 0.666 HET vs KO: p = 0.265 WT vs KO: p < 0.030 |
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| Shank3+ (n = 24 WT, 19 HET, 16 KO) | Duration | Sex and genotype Fig. 3C |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,60) = 0.015, p = 0.901; no main effect of genotype: F (2,60) = 0.558, p = 0.575; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (1,60) = 1.15, p = 0.323 | |
| Bouts | Sex and genotype Fig. 3D |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,60) = 0.0975, p = 0.755; no main effect of genotype: F (2,60) = 0.398, p = 0.673; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (1,60) = 0.514, p = 0.600 | ||
| Shank3– (n = 24 WT, 16 HET, 20 KO) | Open field | Time in left | Sex and genotype Fig. 3E |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,65) = 0.619, p = 0.434; main effect of genotype: F (2,65) = 1.336, p = 0.270; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (1,65) = 0.177, p = 0.838 |
| Distance traveled left |
Sex and genotype Fig. 3F |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,65) = 0.764, p = 0.385; main effect of genotype: F (2,65) = 3.12, p = 0.051; sex × genotype interaction: F (1,65) = 0.589, p = 0.557 | ||
| Thigmotaxis | Sex and genotype Fig. 3F |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,65) = 0.986, p = 0.324; main effect of genotype: F (2,65) = 2.59, p = 0.083; sex × genotype interaction: F (1,65) = 0.124, p = 0.882 | ||
| Shank3+ (n = 24 WT, 19 HET, 16 KO) | Time in left | Sex and genotype Post hoc: Scheffe Sex: female Sex: male Male vs female Fig. 3G |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,46) = 3.477, p < 0.0402; main effect of genotype: F(2,46) = 6.864, p < 0.012; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(1,46) = 2.137, p = 0.130 WT vs HET: p < 0.014 HET vs KO: p = 0.067 WT vs KO: p = 0.983 WT vs HET: p = 0.973 HET vs KO: p = 0.984 WT vs KO: p = 0.911 WT: p = 0.710 HET: p < 0.001 KO: p = 0.864 |
|
| Distance traveled left |
Sex and genotype Male vs female Fig. 3H |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,46) = 0.082, p = 0.920; main effect of genotype: F(2,46) = 17.00, p < 0.0001; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(1,46) = 0.012, p = 0.987 WT: p < 0.020 HET: p < 0.015 KO: p < 0.027 |
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| Thigmotaxis | Sex and genotype Male vs female Fig. 3H |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,46) = 0.038, p = 0.961; main effect of genotype: F(2,46) = 6.729, p < 0.012; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(1,46) = 0.162, p = 0.850 WT: p = 0.199 HET: p = 0.223 KO: p = 0.054 |
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| Shank3– (n = 24 WT, 16 HET, 20 KO) | Dark-light test | Latency to explore | Latency to explore Fig. 3I |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,50) = 2.37, p = 0.130; no main effect of genotype: F (2,50) = 0.128, p = 0.879; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (1,50) = 0.1.27, p = 0.288 |
| Duration in dark chamber | Sex and genotype Post hoc: Scheffe Sex: female Sex: male Female vs male Fig. 3J |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,50) = 0.976, p = 0.328; main effect of genotype: F(2,50) = 3.70, p < 0.032; main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F(1,50) = 3.741, p < 0.031
HET vs KO: p < 0.032 HET vs WT: p = 0.300 KO vs WT: p = 0.395 HET vs KO: p < 0.001 HET vs WT: p = 0.215 KO vs WT: p = 0.078 HET vs KO: p = 0.997 HET vs WT: p = 0.990 KO vs WT: p = 0.998 WT: p = 0.067 HET: p < 0.035 KO: p = 0.584 |
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| Duration in light chamber | Sex and genotype Post hoc: Scheffe Sex: female Sex: male Female vs male Fig. 3J |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,50) = 0.976, p = 0.328; main effect of genotype: F(2,50) = 3.70, p < 0.032; sex × genotype interaction: F(1,50) = 3.741, p < 0.031
HET vs KO: p < 0.032 HET vs WT: p = 0.300 KO vs WT: p = 0.395 HET vs KO: p < 0.0015 HET vs WT: p = 0.194 KO vs WT: p = 0.082 HET vs KO: p = 0.997 HET vs WT: p = 0.990 KO vs WT: p = 0.998 WT: p = 0.584 HET: p < 0.035 KO: p = 0.067 |
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| Shank3+ (n = 24 WT,19 HET, 16 KO) | Dark-light test | Latency to explore | Sex and genotype Fig. 3K |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,47) = 0.649, p = 0.424; no main effect of genotype: F (2,47) = 0.812, p = 0.450; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (1,47) = 0.396, p = 0.674 |
| Duration in dark chamber | Sex and genotype Post hoc: Scheffe Female vs male Female Male Fig. 3L |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,47) = 1.405, p = 0.242; no main effect of genotype: F
(2,47) = 0.177, p = 0.838; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(1,47) = 0.183, p = 0.833 WT: p = 0.511 HET: p = 0.862 KO: p = 0.259 HET vs KO: p = 0.997 HET vs WT:0.995 KO vs WT: p = 0.999 HET vs KO: p = 0.712 HET vs WT: p = 0.939 KO vs WT: p = 0.872 |
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| Duration in light chamber | Sex and genotype Fig. 3L |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,47) = 1.40, p = 0.242; no main effect of genotype: F (2,47) = 0.177, p = 0.838; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (1,47) = 0.183, p = 0.833 | ||
| Shank3– (n = 24 WT, 16 HET, 20 KO) | Elevated plus maze | Duration in arms | Sex and genotype, arm Fig. 3M |
Three-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,131) = 0.00005, p = 0.994; no main effect of genotype: F (2,131) = 0.009, p = 0.990; no main effect of arm: F (1,131) = 628.018, p < 0.0001; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (2,131) = 0.005, p = 0.994; no main effect of sex × arm: F (1,131) = 1.015, p = 0.315; no main effect of genotype × arm: F (1,131) = 0.174, p = 0.840; no main effect of genotype × sex × arm: F (2,131) = 1.549, p = 0.216 |
| Shank3+ (n = 24 WT, 19 HET, 16 KO) | Duration in arms | Sex and genotype, arm Fig. 3N |
Three-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,105) = 0.087, p = 0.768; no main effect of genotype: F (2,105) = 0.314, p = 0.730; no main effect of arm: F (1,105) = 708.548, p < 0.0001; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (2,105) = 0.358, p = 0.699; no main effect of sex × arm: F (1,105) = 1.521, p = 0.220; no main effect of genotype × arm: F (1,105) = 2.244, p = 0.111; no main effect of genotype × sex × arm: F (2,105) = 1.482, p = 0.232 | |
| Shank3– (n = 24 WT,16 HET, 20 KO) | Rearing | Habituation of rearing | Sex, genotype, bin Post hoc: Scheffe Genotype Fig. 3O |
Three-way ANOVA; main effect of sex: F(1,317) = 20.972, p < 6.99E-6; main effect of genotype: F(2,317) = 11.877, p < 0.00001; main effect of bin: F(5,317) = 13.643, p < 6.20E-12; main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F(2,317) = 10.771, p < 0.00003; no main effect of sex × bin: F
(5,317) = 0.472, p = 0.796; no main effect of genotype × bin: F
(10,317) = 0.142, p = 0.999; no main effect of genotype × sex × bin: F
(10,317) = 0.173, p = 0.997 WT vs HET: p < 0.0004 WT vs KO: p < 0.0002 HET vs KO: p = 0.997 |
| Shank3+ (n = 24 WT, 19 HET, 20 KO) | Rearing | Habituation of rearing | Sex, genotype, bin Fig. 3P |
Three-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,255) = 0.342, p = 0.322; no main effect of genotype: F (2,255) = 0.781, p = 0.130; main effect of bin: F(23,255) = 78.67, p < 0.00001; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (2,255) = 0.791, p = 0.242; main effect of sex × bin: F(23,255) = 1.39, p < 0.0031; no main effect of genotype × bin:F (46,255) = 1.13, p = 0.217; no main effect of genotype × sex ×bin: F (46,255) = 1.223, p = 0.0691 |
| Shank3– (n = 24 WT, 16 HET, 20 KO) | Rotarod | Latency to fall | Sex, genotype, trial Fig. 3S |
Three-way ANOVA; main effect of sex: F(1,455) = 25.152, p < 7.91E-7; no main effect of genotype: F (2,455) = 0.912, p = 0.387; main effect of trial: F(1,455) = 4.26, p < 0.00015; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (2,455) = 0.9259, p = 0.397; no main effect of sex × trial: F (1,455) = 0.964, p = 0.456; no main effect of genotype × trial: F (1,131) = 0.757, p = 0.7157; no main effect of genotype × sex × arm: F (2,455) = 0.279, p = 0.9957 |
| Shank3+ (n = 24 WT, 19 HET, 16 KO) | Rotarod | Latency to fall | Sex, genotype, trial Fig. 3T |
Three-way ANOVA; main effect of sex: F(1,463) = 21.576, p < 4.567E-6; no main effect of genotype: F (2,463) = 2.338, p = 0.097; main effect of trial: F(7,463) = 14.727, p < 0.00001; main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F(2,463) = 3.147, p < 0.043; no main effect of sex × trial: F (7,463) = 0.548, p = 0.797; no main effect of genotype × trial: F (14,463) = 0.123, p = 0.999; no main effect of genotype × sex × trial: F (14,463) = 0.397, p = 0.975 |
| Shank3– (n = 24 WT, 16 HET, 20 KO) | Locomotor | Beam breaks | Sex, genotype, bin Post hoc Scheffe Genotype Sex Female Male Fig. 3Q |
Three-way ANOVA; main effect of sex: F(1,1583) = 3.847, p < 0.00004; main effect of genotype: F(2,1583) = 42.36, p < 0.00001; main effect of bin: F(23,1583) = 57.45, p < 0.00001; main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F(2,1583) = 8.596, p < 0.0001; no main effect of sex × bin: F
(23,1583) = 0.317, p = 0.999; no main effect of genotype × bin: F
(46,1583) = 0.915, p = 0.634; no main effect of genotype × sex × bin: F
(46,1583) = 0.528, p = 0.996 HET vs KO: p < 0.0006 HET vs WT: p < 0.00001 KO vs WT: p < 0.00004 WT: M vs F: p = 0.880 HET: M vs F: p = 0.650 KO: M vs F: p = 0.194 HET vs KO: p = 0.968 HET vs WT: p = 0.591 KO vs WT: p = 0.419 HET vs KO: p = 0.848 HET vs WT: p = 0.891 KO vs WT: p = 0.987 |
| Shank3+ (n = 24 WT, 19 HET, 20 KO) | Beam breaks | Sex, genotype, bin Post hoc Scheffe Genotype Sex male vs female Female Male Fig. 3R |
Three-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,1271) = 2.396, p = 0.121; main effect of genotype: F(2,1271) = 3.489, p < 0.030; main effect of bin: F(23,1271) = 105.61, p < 0.00001; main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F(2,1271) = 49.89, p < 0.00001; no main effect of sex × bin: F
(23,1271) = 2.39, p < 0.00025; no main effect of genotype × bin: F
(46,1271) = 1.145, p = 0.237; main effect of genotype × sex × bin: F(46,1271) = 5.793, p < 0.00001
HET vs KO: p = 0.989 HET vs WT: p = 0.119 KO vs WT: p < 0.053 WT: p = 0.737 HET: p = 0.598 KO: p = 0.286 HET vs KO: p = 0.525 HET vs WT: p = 0.833 KO vs WT: p = 0.801 HET vs KO: p = 0.896 HET vs WT: p = 0.949 KO vs WT: p = 0.716 |
|
| Shank3– (n = 24 WT, 16 HET, 20 KO) | Morris water maze | Latency to reach platform | Sex, genotype, days Post hoc: Scheffe Genotype Sex: female vs male Female Male Fig. 4A |
Three-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,543) = 0.994, p = 0.319; main effect of genotype: F(2,543) = 6.600, p < 0.0014; main effect of day: F(8,543) = 33.361, p < 0.00001; main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F(2,543) = 3.830, p < 0.022; no main effect of sex × day: F
(8,543) = 1.012, p = 0.425; no main effect of genotype × day: F
(16,543) = 0.424, p = 0.976; no main effect of genotype × sex × day: F
(16,543) = 1.21, p = 0.254 HET vs KO: p = 0.088 HET vs WT: P = 0.471 KO vs WT: p < 0.001 WT: p = 0.572 HET: p = 0.488 KO: p = 0.230 HET vs KO: p = 0.462 HET vs WT: p = 0.518 KO vs WT: p = 0.076 HET vs KO: p = 0.837 HET vs WT: p = 0.946 KO vs WT: p = 0.940 |
| % Thigmotaxis | Sex, genotype, days Post hoc: Scheffe Genotype Sex: female vs male Female Male Fig. 4B |
Three-way ANOVA; main effect of sex: F(1,543) = 9.135, p < 0.0026; main effect of genotype: F(2,543) = 13.132, p < 2.78E-6; main effect of day: F(8,543) = 80.565, p < 0.00001; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(2,543) = 2.089, p = 0.124; main effect of sex × day: F(8,543) = 2.738, p < 0.0057; no main effect of genotype × day: F
(16,543) = 0.538, p = 0.926; no main effect of genotype × sex ×day: F
(16,543) = 0.866, p = 0.608 HET vs KO: p = 0.124 HET vs WT: p < 0.018 KO vs WT: p < 3.698E-6 WT: p < 0.032 HET: p = 0.647 KO: p = 0.260 HET vs KO: p = 0.291 HET vs WT: p = 0.718 KO vs WT: p = 0.070 HET vs KO: p = 0.800 HET vs WT: p = 0.319 KO vs WT: p < 0.016 |
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| Mean velocity | Sex, genotype, days Post hoc: Scheffe Genotype Sex: female vs male Female KO vs WT: p < 0.013 Fig. 4C |
Three-way ANOVA; main effect of sex: F(1,543) = 4.993, p < 0.025; main effect of genotype: F(2,543) = 5.019, p < 0.006; main effect of day: F(8,543) = 2.425, p < 0.014; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F(2,543) = 0.305, p = 0.737; no main effect of sex × day: F
(8,543) = 0.686, p = 0.703; no main effect of genotype × day: F
(16,543) = 1.411,p = 0.130; no main effect of genotype × sex × day: F
(16,543) = 0.878,p = 0.594 HET vs KO: p = 0.092 HET vs WT: p = 0.761 KO vs WT: p < 0.008 WT: p = 0.083 HET: p = 0.118 KO: p = 0.935 HET vs KO: p = 0.094 HET vs WT: p = 0.697 KO vs WT: p < 0.013 HET vs KO: p = 0.999 HET vs WT: p = 0.695 KO vs WT: p = 0.542 |
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| Total distance | Sex, genotype, days Post hoc: Scheffe Genotype Sex: female vs male Female Male Fig. 4D |
Three-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,543) = 0.954, p = 0.386; main effect of genotype: F(2,543) = 11.954, p < 8.528E-6; main effect of day: F(8,543) = 34.530, p < 0.00001; main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F(2,543) = 5.956, p < 0.0027; no main effect of sex × day: F
(8,543) = 1.140, p = 0.334; no main effect of genotype × day: F
(16,543) = 1.003, p = 0.451; no main effect of genotype × sex × day: F
(16,543) = 1.321, p = 0.178 HET vs KO: p < 0.015 HET vs WT: p = 0.221 KO vs WT: p < 8,712E-6 WT: p = 0.394 HET: p = 0.541 KO: p = 0.503 HET vs KO: p = 0.951 HET vs WT: p = 0.222 KO vs WT: p = 0.181 HET vs KO: p = 0.962 HET vs WT: p = 0.996 KO vs WT: p = 0.968 |
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| Probe trial | Sex, genotype, location Post hoc: Scheffe Location Fig. 4E |
Three-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,183) = 0.093, p = 0.760; main effect of genotype: F(2,183) = 1.446, p = 0.238; main effect of location: F(3,183) = 276.264, p < 0.00001; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(2,183) = 1.228, p = 0.295; no main effect of sex × location: F
(3,183) = 1.683, p = 0.172; no main effect of genotype × location: F
(6,183) = 0.729, p = 0.626; no main effect of genotype × sex × location: F
(6,183) = 1.159, p = 0.330 Far vs near: p < 0.00001 Far vs opp: p < 0.00001 Far vs Target: p < 0.00001 Near vs opp: p = 0.915 Near vs Target: p < 0.00001 Opp vs Target: p < 0.00001 |
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| Shank3+ (n = 24 WT, 19 HET, 20 KO) | Morris water maze | Latency to reach platform | Sex, genotype, days Post hoc: Scheffe Genotype Fig. 4F |
Three-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,315) = 1.136, p = 0.287; main effect of genotype: F(2,315) = 4.048, p < 0.018; main effect of day: F(6,315) = 13.185, p < 0.00001; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(2,315) = 0.383, p = 0.961; no main effect of sex × day: F
(6,315) = 1.500, p = 0.177; no main effect of genotype × day: F
(12,315) = 0.709, p = 0.742; no main effect of genotype × sex × day: F
(12,315) = 0.772, p = 0.678 HET vs KO: p < 0.018 HET vs WT: p = 0.289 KO vs WT: p = 0.372 |
| % Thigmotaxis | Sex, genotype, days Post hoc: Scheffe Genotype Sex: female vs male Female Male Fig. 4G |
Three-way ANOVA; main effect of sex: F(1,315) = 8.982, p < 0.0029; main effect of genotype: F(2,315) = 5.746, p < 0.0035; main effect of day: F(6,315) = 51.074, p < 0.00001; main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F(2,315) = 3.707, p < 0.025; no main effect of sex × day: F
(6,315) = 1.657, p = 0.131; no main effect of genotype × day: F
(12,315) = 0.617, p = 0.827; no main effect of genotype × sex × day: F
(12,315) = 0.440, p = 0.946 HET vs KO: p < 0.004 HET vs WT: p = 0.530 KO vs WT: p = 0.064 WT: p < 0.025 HET: p = 0.587 KO: p = 0.221 HET vs KO: p = 0.374 HET vs WT: p = 0.945 KO vs WT: p = 0.588 HET vs KO: p = 0.085 HET vs WT: p = 0.102 KO vs WT: p = 0.969 |
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| Mean velocity | Sex, genotype, days Fig. 4H |
Three-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F(1,315) = 0.219, p = 0.640; main effect of genotype: F(2,315) = 0.857, p = 0.857; main effect of day: F(8,315) = 0.940, p = 0.466; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (2,315) = 0.438, p = 0.645; no main effect of sex × day: F (6,543) = 0.763, p = 0.763; no main effect of genotype × day: F (12,315) = 0.922, p = 0.524; no main effect of genotype × sex × day: F (12,315) = 1.014, p = 0.435 | ||
| Total distance | Sex, genotype, days Post hoc: Scheffe Genotype Fig. 4I |
Three-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,315) = 2.447, p = 0.118; main effect of genotype: F(2,315) = 3.673, p < 0.026; main effect of day: F(6,315) = 10.167, p < 3.717E-10; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(2,315) = 0.435, p = 0.647; no main effect of sex × day: F
(6,315) = 1.527, p = 0.169; no main effect of genotype × day: F
(12,315) = 0.853, p = 0.594; no main effect of genotype × sex × day: F
(12,315) = 0.870, p = 0.577 HET vs KO: p < 0.028 HET vs WT: p = 0.227 KO vs WT: p = 0.550 |
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| Probe trial | Sex, genotype, location Post hoc: Scheffe Location Fig. 4J |
Three-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,183) = 2.158, p = 0.143; main effect of genotype: F(2,183) = 1.446, p = 0.238; main effect of zone: F(3,183) = 276.175, p < 0.00001; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(2,183) = 0.058, p = 0.942; no main effect of sex × zone: F
(3,183) = 1.680, p = 0.173; main effect of genotype × zone: F
(6,183) = 0.729, p = 0.626; no main effect of genotype × sex × zone: F(6, 183) = 1.196, p = 0.310 Far vs near: p < 0.00001 Far vs opp: p < 0.00001 Far vs target: p < 0.00001 Near vs opp: p = 0.915 Near vs target: p < 0.00001 Opp vs target: p < 0.00001 |
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| Shank3– (n = 24 WT, 16 HET, 20 KO) | Fear conditioning | Cue test | Genotypes and sex Fig. 5A |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,52) = 2.774, p = 0.102; no main effect of genotype: F (2,52) = 1.991, p = 0.147; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (1,52) = 0.669, p = 0.516 |
| Contextual test | Genotypes and sex Fig. 5B |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,64) = 1.426, p = 0.237; no main effect of genotype: F (2,64) = 0.423, p = 0.656; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (1,64) = 1.347, p = 0.2677 | ||
| Shank3+ (n = 24 WT, 19 HET, 20 KO) | Fear conditioning | Cue test | Genotypes and sex Fig. 5C |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,52) = 2.774, p = 0.102; no main effect of genotype: F (2,52) = 1.991, p = 0.147; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (1,52) = 0.669, p = 0.516 |
| Contextual test | Genotypes and sex Fig. 5D |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,52) = 0.0007, p = 0.978; no main effect of genotype: F (2,52) = 1.586, p = 0.215; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (1,52) = 2.491, p = 0.0936 | ||
| Shank3– (n = 24 WT, 16 HET, 20 KO) | Nesting | Width | Genotypes, sex, time Post hoc: Scheffe Genotype Time Fig. 5F |
Three-way ANOVA; main effect of sex: F(1,197) = 6.559, p < 0.011; main effect of genotype: F(2,197) = 3.076, p < 0.048; main effect of time: F(2,197) = 17.297, p < 1.344E-7; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(2,197) = 0.768, p = 0.465; no main effect of sex × time: F
(2,197) = 0.461, p = 0.631; no main effect of genotype × time: F
(4,197) = 0.086, p = 0.986; no main effect of genotype × sex × time: F
(4,197) = 0.202, p = 0.936 HET vs KO: p = 0.888 HET vs WT: p = 0.212 KO vs WT: p = 0.070 30 vs 60: p < 0.003 30 vs 90: p < 1.357E-7 60 vs 90: p < 0.047 |
| Height | Genotypes, sex, time Post hoc: Scheffe Genotype Fig. 5E |
Three-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F
(1,197) = 0.448, p = 0.504; main effect of genotype: F(2,197) = 3.952, p < 0.020; main effect of time: F(2,197) = 4.844, p < 0.008; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(2,197) = 0.241, p = 0.785; no main effect of sex × time: F
(2,197) = 0.342, p = 0.710; no main effect of genotype × time: F
(4,197) = 0.140, p = 0.966; no main effect of genotype × sex × time: F
(4,197) = 0.324, p = 0.861 30 vs 60: p = 0.959 30 vs 90: p < 0.046 60 vs 90: p = 0.087 |
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| Shank3+ (n = 24 WT, 19 HET, 20 KO) | Nesting | Width | Genotypes, sex, time Post hoc: Scheffe Time Fig. 5H |
Three-way ANOVA; main effect of sex: F(1,152) = 8.139, p < 0.005; main effect of genotype: F(2,152) = 1.237, p = 0.293; main effect of time: F(2,152) = 15.108, p < 1.199E-6; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F
(2,152) = 2.140, p = 0.093; no main effect of sex × time: F
(2,152) = 0.287, p = 0.750; no main effect of genotype × time: F
(4,152) = 0.166, p = 0.955; no main effect of genotype × sex × time: F
(4,152) = 0.540, p = 0.706 30 vs 60: p < 0.0086 30 vs 90: p < 1.146E-6 60 vs 90: p = 0.060 |
| Height | Genotypes and sex Post hoc: Scheffe Time Fig. 5G |
Three-way ANOVA; main effect of sex: F(1,152) = 9.234, p < 0.0028; main effect of genotype: F(2,152) = 0.117, p = 0.889; main effect of time: F(2,152) = 22.485, p < 3.7277E-9; main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F(2,152) = 5.748, p < 0.0040; no main effect of sex × time: F
(2,152) = 0.479, p = 0.750; no main effect of genotype × time: F
(4,152) = 0.286, p = 0.886; no main effect of genotype × sex × time: F
(4,152) = 1.582, p = 0.122 30 vs 60: p < 0.008 30 vs 90: p < 0.017 60 vs 90: p = 0.762 |
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| Shank3– (n = 24 WT, 16 HET, 20 KO) | Cookie finding test | Latency to find the cookie | Genotypes and sex Fig. 5I |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,60) = 0.526, p = 0.471; no main effect of genotype: F (2,60) = 0.301, p = 0.741; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (1,60) = 0.621, p = 0.540 |
| Shank3+ (n = 24 WT, 19 HET, 20 KO) | Latency to find the cookie | Genotypes and sex Fig. 5J |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,64) = 0.689, p = 0.409; no main effect of genotype: F (2,64) = 0.640, p = 0.530; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (1,64) = 0.004, p = 0.995 | |
| Shank3– (n = 24 WT, 16 HET, 20 KO) | Marble burying | Marbles buried | Genotypes and sex Fig. 5K |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,65) = 0.029, p = 0.864; no main effect of genotype: F (2,65) = 0.843, p = 0.435; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (1,65) = 0.214, p = 0.807 |
| Shank3+ (n = 24 WT, 19 HET, 16 KO) | Marble burying | Marbles buried | Genotypes and sex Fig. 5L |
Two-way ANOVA; no main effect of sex: F (1,60) = 0.229, p = 0.633; no main effect of genotype: F (2,60) = 1.149, p = 0.324; no main effect of sex × genotype interaction: F (1,60) = 0.616, p = 0.543 |