Table 4.
Association of T2DM medications with risk categories of prostate cancer 1
| Low-risk category | Intermediate-risk group | High-risk group 2 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls (N) | Cases (N) | OR | 95% CI | Controls (N) | Cases (N) | OR | 95% CI | Controls (N) | Cases (N) | OR | 95% CI | |
| T2DM | ||||||||||||
| no DM | 36,247 | 7781 | Ref | 43,691 | 9201 | Ref | 46,549 | 9563 | Ref | |||
| T2DM | 5898 | 784 | 0.65 | (0.66–0.70) | 8280 | 1355 | 0.8 | (0.75–0.85) | 10,084 | 1910 | 0.92 | (0.87–0.97) |
| Duration of T2DM (years) | ||||||||||||
| no DM | 36,247 | 7781 | Ref | 43,691 | 9201 | Ref | 46,549 | 9563 | Ref | |||
| < 1 | 320 | 63 | 0.98 | (0.75–1.29) | 447 | 111 | 1.23 | (0.99–1.51) | 507 | 126 | 1.21 | (0.99–1.47) |
| 1 - < 5 | 1600 | 217 | 0.66 | (0.57–0.76) | 2021 | 331 | 0.81 | (0.72–0.91) | 2184 | 403 | 0.9 | (0.81–1.01) |
| 5 - < 10 | 1676 | 216 | 0.63 | (0.54–0.72) | 2292 | 379 | 0.8 | (0.72–0.90) | 2710 | 507 | 0.91 | (0.82–1.00) |
| 10 - < 20 | 1726 | 216 | 0.61 | (0.53–0.71) | 2520 | 401 | 0.78 | (0.70–0.87) | 3272 | 611 | 0.9 | (0.83–0.99) |
| 20 | 576 | 72 | 0.62 | (0.48–0.79) | 1000 | 133 | 0.65 | (0.54–0.78) | 1411 | 263 | 0.88 | (0.77–1.01) |
| Duration of Insulin (years) | ||||||||||||
| no DM | 36,247 | 7781 | Ref | 43,691 | 9201 | Ref | 46,549 | 9563 | Ref | |||
| 0.5 - < 3 | 587 | 49 | 0.42 | (0.31–0.56) | 751 | 113 | 0.76 | (0.62–0.94) | 976 | 160 | 0.78 | (0.65–0.92) |
| 3 - < 5 | 369 | 37 | 0.53 | (0.38–0.75) | 506 | 57 | 0.57 | (0.43–0.76) | 574 | 101 | 0.86 | (0.70–1.10) |
| 5 | 908 | 98 | 0.55 | (0.44–0.68) | 1470 | 196 | 0.65 | (0.56–0.76) | 1829 | 339 | 0.89 | (0.79–1.00) |
| Missing | 4034 | 600 | 5553 | 989 | 6705 | 1310 | ||||||
| Duration of high-dose Metformin (years) | ||||||||||||
| no DM | 36,247 | 7781 | Ref | 43,691 | 9201 | Ref | 46,549 | 9563 | Ref | |||
| 0.5 - < 3 | 1609 | 207 | 0.63 | (0.54–0.73) | 2138 | 336 | 0.77 | (0.68–0.86) | 2418 | 435 | 0.87 | (0.78–0.97) |
| 3 - < 5 | 612 | 64 | 0.52 | (0.40–0.68) | 855 | 147 | 0.85 | (0.71–1.01) | 924 | 185 | 0.98 | (0.83–1.15) |
| 5 | 530 | 66 | 0.61 | (0.47–0.79) | 771 | 123 | 0.77 | (0.64–0.94) | 751 | 176 | 1.17 | (0.99–1.38) |
| Missing | 3147 | 447 | 4516 | 749 | 5991 | 1114 | ||||||
| Duration of low-dose Metformin (years) | ||||||||||||
| no DM | 36,247 | 7781 | Ref | 43,691 | 9201 | Ref | 46,549 | 9563 | Ref | |||
| 0.5 - < 3 | 2602 | 314 | 0.6 | (0.53–0.68) | 3470 | 513 | 0.73 | (0.66–0.80) | 3718 | 709 | 0.92 | (0.85–1.00) |
| 3 - < 5 | 920 | 119 | 0.63 | (0.52–0.77) | 1259 | 238 | 0.9 | (0.78–1.04) | 1634 | 287 | 0.86 | (0.75–0.98) |
| 5 | 401 | 56 | 0.67 | (0.51–0.89) | 607 | 103 | 0.84 | (0.68–1.03) | 844 | 173 | 1 | (0.84–1.18) |
| Missing | 1975 | 1297 | 2944 | 501 | 3888 | 741 | ||||||
| Duration of SU (years) | ||||||||||||
| no DM | 36,247 | 7781 | Ref | 43,691 | 9201 | Ref | 46,549 | 9563 | Ref | |||
| 0.5 - < 3 | 593 | 64 | 0.53 | (0.41–0.69) | 881 | 132 | 0.73 | (0.61–0.89) | 1059 | 170 | 0.76 | (0.64–0.90) |
| 3 - < 5 | 342 | 42 | 0.6 | (0.43–0.83) | 452 | 67 | 0.7 | (0.54–0.91) | 567 | 98 | 0.79 | (0.64–0.99) |
| 5 | 367 | 48 | 0.68 | (0.50–0.92) | 602 | 82 | 0.66 | (0.52–0.84) | 882 | 154 | 0.85 | (0.72–1.02) |
| Missing | 4596 | 630 | 6345 | 1074 | 7576 | 1488 | ||||||
1 The results were adjusted for CCI, education level, civil status and the age at year of PCa onset
2 We combined high risk, reginal metastases, and distant metastases into high-risk category group