Table 1.

Methods used for 3D printed optical tissue phantoms

Paper	Institution/country	Description
Wang et al.[13] “3D printing method for freeform fabrication of optical phantoms simulating heterogeneous biological tissue”	Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of science and technology of China/China	A 3D printing method was developed for the fabrication of tissue-simulating phantoms with a multilayer structure that consists in selectively depositing the phantom materials layer by layer using spin coating. The goal was to develop a skin tissue phantom as a standard for testing biomedical optical devices
Lurie et al.[49] “Three-dimensional, distendable bladder phantom for optical coherence tomography and white light cystoscopy”	Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University/United States	A new spin coating protocol was developed to mitigate the nonuniformity of 3D model topology. The 3D printed phantom mimics the size, structure, microscale surface topology, and optical properties of a cancerous bladder for performing optical coherence tomography tests

3D: Three-dimensional