Figure 4.

Microfluidics-enabled three-dimensional-printing. (A) Two-inlet microfluidic devices used as the printhead. Two bioinks are combined into a single micro hydrogel filament for extrusion. (B) Hydrogels printed using the microfluidic printhead shown in A. Each filament consists of two bioinks combined by the microfluidic printhead. (C) A three-inlet microfluidic printhead with passive mixer. (i) Schematic illustration of bioprinting with the microfluidic printhead. (ii) Herringbone passive mixer in the microfluidic printhead. (D) High-throughput parallel microfluidic printhead. (i) A high-degree of parallel printing with a bifurcating microfluidic network. (ii) and (iii) Microfilament arrays printed with the microfluidic printhead. A and B are reproduced from Ref. Colosi et al.[50] with permission from Wiley. C is reproduced from Ref. Serex et al.[51] with the permission granted under the creative common license. D is reproduced from Ref. Hansen et al.[52] with permission from Wiley.