. 2020 Jun 10;40(24):4622–4643. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2339-19.2020

Table 2.

Microglia, % of all cells in different cortical sites^a

	Gray matter			White matter			Wilcoxon, %I in gray versus white matter
	Range	Mean ± SE	% versus N/mg, Spearman ρ and p value	Range	Mean ± SE	% versus O/mg, Spearman ρ and p	Wilcoxon, %I in gray versus white matter
All clades	[0.46–15.25%]	5.88 ± 0.10%	ρ = −0.6836	[1.01–15.37%]	5.67 ± 0.11%	ρ = −0.2625	p = 0.2650
All clades	[0.46–15.25%]	5.88 ± 0.10%	p < 0.0001	[1.01–15.37%]	5.67 ± 0.11%	p < 0.0001
Per clade
Afrotheria	[4.45–13.25%]	9.22 ± 0.18%	ρ = −0.0467	[1.08–12.50%]	6.11 ± 0.18%	ρ = 0.1829	p < 0.0001
Afrotheria	[4.45–13.25%]	9.22 ± 0.18%	p = 0.6123	[1.08–12.50%]	6.11 ± 0.18%	p = 0.2185
Artiodactyla	[3.74–15.10%]	8.70 ± 0.39%	ρ = 0.1455	[3.54–14.03%]	7.12 ± 0.29%	ρ = 0.3189	p = 0.0037
Artiodactyla	[3.74–15.10%]	8.70 ± 0.39%	p = 0.2758	[3.54–14.03%]	7.12 ± 0.29%	p = 0.0156
Carnivora	[1.86–15.25%]	7.79 ± 0.15%	ρ = −0.4731	[1.69–15.37%]	8.85 ± 0.24%	ρ = 0.2088	p = 0.0004
Carnivora	[1.86–15.25%]	7.79 ± 0.15%	p < 0.0001	[1.69–15.37%]	8.85 ± 0.24%	p = 0.0080
Marsupialia	[0.74–11.52%]	6.25 ± 0.20%	ρ = −0.0797	[1.16–9.56%]	5.06 ± 0.13%	ρ = −0.1453	p < 0.0001
Marsupialia	[0.74–11.52%]	6.25 ± 0.20%	p = 0.3390	[1.16–9.56%]	5.06 ± 0.13%	p = 0.1058
Primata	[0.46–15.11%]	3.46 ± 0.09%	ρ = −0.3786	[1.01–12.46%]	3.87 ± 0.10%	ρ = −0.0876	p = 0.0004
Primata	[0.46–15.11%]	3.46 ± 0.09%	p < 0.0001	[1.01–12.46%]	3.87 ± 0.10%	p = 0.1221
Per species
Afrotheria^*
L. africana	[4.45–13.25%]	9.28 ± 0.18%	ρ = −0.0029	[1.08–12.50%]	6.14 ± 0.18%	ρ = 0.1916	p < 0.0001
L. africana	[4.45–13.25%]	9.28 ± 0.18%	p = 0.9752	[1.08–12.50%]	6.14 ± 0.18%	p = 0.2127
Artiodactyla
G. camelopardalis	[5.70–15.10%]	11.07 ± 0.51%	ρ = −0.2827	[3.56–10.28%]	7.24 ± 0.41%	ρ = −0.1000	p < 0.0001
G. camelopardalis	[5.70–15.10%]	11.07 ± 0.51%	p = 0.2272	[3.56–10.28%]	7.24 ± 0.41%	p = 0.6748
T. strepsiceros	[4.45–8.56%]	6.31 ± 0.30%	ρ = 0.3147	[4.26–8.67%]	6.26 ± 0.31%	ρ = −0.2912	p = 0.8358
T. strepsiceros	[4.45–8.56%]	6.31 ± 0.30%	p = 0.2352	[4.26–8.67%]	6.26 ± 0.31%	p = 0.2739
S. scrofa domesticus	[8.41–14.01%]	10.92 ± 0.59%	ρ = −0.7173	[8.56–14.03%]	10.56 ± 0.62%	ρ = −0.0500	p = 0.6532
S. scrofa domesticus	[8.41–14.01%]	10.92 ± 0.59%	p = 0.0195	[8.56–14.03%]	10.56 ± 0.62%	p = 0.8984
A. marsupialis	[3.74–7.28%]	6.11 ± 0.32%	ρ = 0.3328	[3.54–6.78%]	5.50 ± 0.26%	ρ = 0.4685	p = 0.1058
A. marsupialis	[3.74–7.28%]	6.11 ± 0.32%	p = 0.2906	[3.54–6.78%]	5.50 ± 0.26%	p = 0.1245
Carnivora
M. mongo	[1.86–3.44%]	2.76 ± 0.20%	ρ = 0.2143	[1.69–5.20%]	3.58 ± 0.29%	ρ = −0.0909	p = 0.0832
M. mongo	[1.86–3.44%]	2.76 ± 0.20%	p = 0.6445	[1.69–5.20%]	3.58 ± 0.29%	p = 0.7787
U. arctos	[4.85–15.25%]	8.59 ± 0.27%	ρ = −0.1508	[5.06–13.88%]	8.33 ± 0.31%	ρ = 0.0509	p = 0.4334
U. arctos	[4.85–15.25%]	8.59 ± 0.27%	p = 0.2267	[5.06–13.88%]	8.33 ± 0.31%	p = 0.7282
F. catus	[3.37–7.83%]	5.42 ± 0.24%	ρ = 0.3102	[3.54–8.60%]	5.58 ± 0.34%	ρ = −0.0912	p = 0.8113
F. catus	[3.37–7.83%]	5.42 ± 0.24%	p = 0.1153	[3.54–8.60%]	5.58 ± 0.34%	p = 0.7370
C. familiaris	[3.66–12.26%]	7.38 ± 0.26%	ρ = −0.4702	[5.27–13.52%]	9.30 ± 0.30%	ρ = −0.2102	p < 0.0001
C. familiaris	[3.66–12.26%]	7.38 ± 0.26%	p = 0.0006	[5.27–13.52%]	9.30 ± 0.30%	p = 0.2403
M. putorius furo	[4.78–9.80%]	8.07 ± 0.48%	ρ = −0.1364	[6.63–15.37%]	8.98 ± 0.84%	ρ = −0.6000	p = 1.0000
M. putorius furo	[4.78–9.80%]	8.07 ± 0.48%	p = 0.6893	[6.63–15.37%]	8.98 ± 0.84%	p = 0.0876
P. leo	[4.72–12.19%]	8.76 ± 0.21%	ρ = −0.5220	[8.15–15.36%]	11.90 ± 0.30%	ρ = −0.5297	p < 0.0001
P. leo	[4.72–12.19%]	8.76 ± 0.21%	p < 0.0001	[8.15–15.36%]	11.90 ± 0.30%	p = 0.0004
Marsupialia
M. rufrogriseus	[1.94–10.23%]	7.30 ± 0.40%	ρ = −0.3403	[4.74–7.10%]	6.04 ± 0.15%	ρ = −0.4684	p = 0.0015
M. rufrogriseus	[1.94–10.23%]	7.30 ± 0.40%	p = 0.1312	[4.74–7.10%]	6.04 ± 0.15%	p = 0.0431
D. aurita	[4.87–11.49%]	7.93 ± 0.47%	ρ = −0.2879	[4.04–7.36%]	5.74 ± 0.32%	ρ = −0.6643	p = 0.0043
D. aurita	[4.87–11.49%]	7.93 ± 0.47%	p = 0.2466	[4.04–7.36%]	5.74 ± 0.32%	p = 0.0185
D. goodfellowi	[2.81–8.10%]	5.04 ± 0.27%	ρ = −0.3313	[2.70–7.72%]	5.33 ± 0.28%	ρ = −0.2989	p = 0.3568
D. goodfellowi	[2.81–8.10%]	5.04 ± 0.27%	p = 0.1138	[2.70–7.72%]	5.33 ± 0.28%	p = 0.1881
M. parma	[2.81–8.36%]	5.68 ± 0.36%	ρ = −0.0158	[2.94–6.39%]	4.61 ± 0.26%	ρ = −0.2377	p = 0.0480
M. parma	[2.81–8.36%]	5.68 ± 0.36%	p = 0.9488	[2.94–6.39%]	4.61 ± 0.26%	p = 0.3936
W. bicolor	[1.28–11.52%]	8.24 ± 0.51%	ρ = −0.7087	[1.78–9.56%]	5.84 ± 0.37%	ρ = −0.1624	p = 0.0002
W. bicolor	[1.28–11.52%]	8.24 ± 0.51%	p = 0.0002	[1.78–9.56%]	5.84 ± 0.37%	p = 0.4819
S. harrisii	[0.74–3.02%]	1.76 ± 0.18%	ρ = 0.2967	[1.16–4.14%]	2.55 ± 0.29%	ρ = −0.0629	p = 0.0535
S. harrisii	[0.74–3.02%]	1.76 ± 0.18%	p = 0.3249	[1.16–4.14%]	2.55 ± 0.29%	p = 0.8459
M. fuliginosus	[3.73–9.30%]	6.26 ± 0.29%	ρ = 0.1845	[2.01–5.87%]	4.60 ± 0.18%	ρ = −0.2859	p = 0.0001
M. fuliginosus	[3.73–9.30%]	6.26 ± 0.29%	p = 0.3474	[2.01–5.87%]	4.60 ± 0.18%	p = 0.1660
Primata
P. anubis cynocephalus	[1.45–7.29%]	3.88 ± 0.21%	ρ = −0.5007	[2.25–8.43%]	4.87 ± 0.21%	ρ = 0.0075	p = 0.0014
P. anubis cynocephalus	[1.45–7.29%]	3.88 ± 0.21%	p = 0.0001	[2.25–8.43%]	4.87 ± 0.21%	p = 0.9609
M. fascicularis	[0.98–5.76%]	3.25 ± 0.18%	ρ = −0.1461	[1.01–9.58%]	5.06 ± 0.34%	ρ = −0.4542	p < 0.0001
M. fascicularis	[0.98–5.76%]	3.25 ± 0.18%	p = 0.3749	[1.01–9.58%]	5.06 ± 0.34%	p = 0.0070
O. garnettii	[3.64–15.11%]	9.15 ± 1.05%	ρ = −0.6703	[4.58–12.46%]	7.36 ± 0.84%	ρ = 0.2167	p = 0.2703
O. garnettii	[3.64–15.11%]	9.15 ± 1.05%	p = 0.0087	[4.58–12.46%]	7.36 ± 0.84%	p = 0.5755
H. sapiens sapiens	[0.66–11.13%]	3.34 ± 0.12%	ρ = −0.5234	[1.06–8.06%]	2.89 ± 0.11%	ρ = 0.1011	p = 0.0041
H. sapiens sapiens	[0.66–11.13%]	3.34 ± 0.12%	p < 0.0001	[1.06–8.06%]	2.89 ± 0.11%	p = 0.2865
A. trivirgatus	[0.93–3.14%]	1.82 ± 0.14%	ρ = −0.4979	[1.41–3.01%]	2.22 ± 0.11%	ρ = −0.2012	p = 0.0332
A. trivirgatus	[0.93–3.14%]	1.82 ± 0.14%	p = 0.0113	[1.41–3.01%]	2.22 ± 0.11%	p = 0.4233
S. midas	[0.46–3.80%]	2.60 ± 0.20%	ρ = −0.0518	[1.79–5.67%]	3.53 ± 0.32%	ρ = 0.1678	p = 0.0303
S. midas	[0.46–3.80%]	2.60 ± 0.20%	p = 0.8544	[1.79–5.67%]	3.53 ± 0.32%	p = 0.5837
M. nemestrina	[1.44–7.07%]	3.50 ± 0.17%	ρ = −0.3023	[1.83–7.68%]	4.57 ± 0.19%	ρ = 0.1054	p < 0.0001
M. nemestrina	[1.44–7.07%]	3.50 ± 0.17%	p = 0.0235	[1.83–7.68%]	4.57 ± 0.19%	p = 0.4807
C. apella	[1.19–6.01%]	2.94 ± 0.19%	ρ = −0.6219	[1.10–6.47%]	3.62 ± 0.23%	ρ = −0.2720	p = 0.0371
C. apella	[1.19–6.01%]	2.94 ± 0.19%	p<0.0001	[1.10–6.47%]	3.62 ± 0.23%	p=0.1197

^a%I, Microglial percentage of all cells; N/mg, number of neuronal cells per milligram of structure; O/mg: number of non-neuronal (other) cells per milligram of structure.

*For Afrotheria, analyses were done, including all the species of the clade (D. dorsalis, E. myurus, L. africana, P. tetradactylus, and P. capensis). Analyses within afrotherian species cortices were only possible in the elephant (L. africana), where multiple data points were available.