Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Normal reference range | Total (n=124) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 68 (61-75) | |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 85 (68.5) | |
| Female | 39 (31.5) | |
| Medical history | ||
| Hypertension | 62 (50.0) | |
| Cardiovascular disease (CVD) | 19 (15.3) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 25 (20.2) | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 11 (8.9) | |
| Initial symptoms | ||
| Fever | 106 (85.5) | |
| Low grade fever (37.5 - 38.0 ℃) | 24 (19.4) | |
| Moderate fever (38.1 - 39.0 ℃) | 42 (33.9) | |
| High-grade fever (≥39.1 ℃) | 40 (32.3) | |
| Cough | 86 (69.4) | |
| Fatigue | 61 (49.2) | |
| Chest distress | 57 (46.0) | |
| Expectoration | 49 (39.5) | |
| Chills | 27 (21.8) | |
| Myalgia | 26 (21.0) | |
| Diarrhea | 19 (15.3) | |
| Time of admission after symptom onset (d) | 11 (7-15) | |
| Vital signs on admission | ||
| SpO2 (%) | 89 (82-92) | |
| Body temperature (℃) | 38.3 (37.0-39.0) | |
| Heart rate (/min) | 90 (80-102) | |
| Breath rate (/min) | 30 (23-33) | |
| Systolic pressure (mmHg) | 132 (122-150) | |
| Diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 80 (73-88) | |
| Diagnosis of severe COVID-19 | ||
| Breath rate≥30/min | 6 (4.8) | |
| SpO2≤93% | 58 (46.8) | |
| Both | 60 (48.4) | |
| DR estimations on admission | ||
| Unilateral involvement | 1 (0.8) | |
| Bilateral involvement | 123 (99.2) | |
| DR score | (0) | 13 (7-16) |
| Laboratory investigations on admission | ||
| White blood cell (WBC) (×109/L) | (3.50-9.50) | 7.52 (5.07-10.92) |
| Neutrophil (×109/L) | (1.80-6.30) | 6.46 (3.91-9.92) |
| Lymphocyte (×109/L) | (1.10-3.20) | 0.64 (0.46-1.02) |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | (115-150) | 130 (121-142) |
| Platelet (×109/L) | (125-350) | 187 (150-230) |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) (mg/L) | (0.00-8.00) | 77.35 (43.13-111.94) |
| Procalcitonin (PCT) (μg/L) | (<0.05) | 0.20 (0.09-0.40) |
| Total bilirubin (TB) (μmol/L) | (3.0-20.0) | 13.6 (9.7-20.0) |
| Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (U/L) | (5-35) | 37 (25-59) |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (U/L) | (8-40) | 47 (31-69) |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (U/L) | (109-245) | 481 (360-597) |
| Albumin (g/L) | (33.0-55.0) | 28.2 (26.0-30.9) |
| Globulin (g/L) | (20.0-35.0) | 34.2 (31.0-38.0) |
| Serum creatinine (Scr) (μmol/L) | (41.0-81.0) | 74.1 (62.2-99.7) |
| Na+ (mmol/L) | (137.0-147.0) | 138.3 (135.8-140.4) |
| K+ (mmol/L) | (3.5-5.3) | 3.87 (3.53-4.24) |
| Cl- (mmol/L) | (96-108) | 102.3 (99.6-105.2) |
| D-dimer (mg/L) | (<0.5) | 3.06 (0.62-8.00) |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (s) | (27.0-45.0) | 38.0 (33.1-42.5) |
| Prothrombin time (PT) (s) | (11.0-16.0) | 13.9 (13.0-14.9) |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | (2.00-4.00) | 4.58 (3.45-5.25) |
| Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (μg/L) | (<26.2) | 19.3 (8.4-96.4) |
| Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (ng/L) | (<100.0) | 79.3 (30.4-164.5) |
| Occurrence of ARDS in the course | 91 (73.4) | |
| Period between admission and occurrence of ARDS (d) | 7 (4-11) | |
| Hospitalized period (d) | 19 (11-27) |
Abbreviations: CVD: cardiovascular disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DR: digital radiograph; WBC: white blood cell count; CRP: C-reactive protein; PCT: procalcitonin; TB: total bilirubin; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; Scr: serum creatinine; APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; PT: prothrombin time; cTnI: cardiac troponin I; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide.