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Main framework. The need for rapid ATP synthesis, biosynthesis, maintainance of redox balance and acidification of the tumor microenvironment are all internal causes of the Warburg effect, and HIF accumulation is an important extrinsic cause. Through different pathways (including the glycolysis pathway, the mitochondrial pathway, the glycolysis bypass pathway, and the oxygen sensing pathway), DNA methylation can affect these causes of the Warburg effect.
