Table 2.

Means and SDs for the COVID-19 and control cohorts.

Variables	COVID-19a,b, mean (SD)	GENc,d, mean (SD)	HELPe,f, mean (SD)	COVID-19 vs GEN		COVID-19 vs HELP			GEN vs HELP
				Cohen dg	P value	Cohen d	P value	Cohen d		P value
Depression	12.69 (10.56)	6.79 (8.52)	8.05 (8.63)	0.62	<.001	0.48	<.001	0.15		.06
Stress	16.11 (9.48)	10.14 (8.29)	12.48 (8.66)	0.67	<.001	0.40	<.001	0.28		<.001
Anxiety	8.41 (8.01)	5.22 (6.60)	5.84 (6.67)	0.44	<.001	0.35	<.001	0.09		.30
Well-being	42.87 (14.30)	47.35 (12.98)	47.85 (12.59)	0.33	<.001	0.370	<.001	0.04		.81
Life satisfaction	20.86 (6.98)	23.80 (6.55)	22.93 (6.11)	0.43	<.001	0.32	<.001	0.14		.08
Resilience	3.13 (0.81)	3.82 (0.90)	3.40 (0.81)	0.81	<.001	0.33	<.001	0.49		<.001

^aCOVID-19: coronavirus disease.

^bThe COVID-19 group consists of participants recruited in March and April 2020.

^cGEN: general.

^dThe GEN group consists of participants who engaged in mental health training and measurement during February 2019 to February 2020.

^eHELP: help-seeking.

^fThe HELP group is a subset of the general cohort, which consists of users reaching out on their own accord.

^gEffect sizes were calculated using Cohen d, where 0.2 is a small effect, 0.5 is a medium effect, and 0.8 is a large effect.