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. 2020 May 17;10(15):6615–6628. doi: 10.7150/thno.43169

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Immunohistochemical analysis of transplanted hBM-MSCs located within the area of focal brain injury in relation the vessel lumen through three days after IA transplantation in rats with focal brain injury. mRNA-ITGA4 transfected and naïve hBM-MSCs were both labelled with Molday ION (red) before IA injection. Transplanted cells were detected in the host brain post-mortem using anti-CD44 antibody (magenta). Both populations of IA infused MSCs (control and mRNA-ITGA4 transfected cells) cells were visible exclusively inside the lumen of cerebral blood vessels on day 1 and 2, interestingly their extravasation was observed on day 3 after IA injection. Endothelial cells were visualized using antibody against Claudine 5 (green). The cell nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst 33258 (blue).