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RL and O2•-/•OH generation variation at different conditions. (A) Emission spectrum Y2O3:Eu@SiO2 with different Eu3+; (B) concentration demonstration of superoxide anion/hydroxyl radical enhanced by Y2O3:Eu@SiO2 under ionizing irradiation; (C) Relative ESR intensity Y2O3:Eu@SiO2 with different Eu3+ concentration. (D) Emission spectra of Y2O3:Eu@SiO2 nanoparticle before (black) and after bubbling N2 gas (red).
