TABLE 1.
Demographic and characteristics of study subjects in the control group and dry eye group.
| Feature | Normal (n = 28) | Dry eye (n = 85) | P value | |
| Gender (Female, n(%)) | 13 46.4% | 35 41.2% | 0.78 | |
| Age (years) | 60.8 ± 11.2 | 55.4 ± 8.8 | <2.2 × 10–16 | |
| HbAlc (%) | 4.86 ± 0.66 | 5.446 ± 0.16 | 0.02 | |
| FBUT (S) | 12.46 ± 2.03 | 3.78 ± 1.66 | <2.2 × 10–16 | |
| OSDI Scores | 15.36 ± 15.34 | 24.99 ± 15.28 | <2.2 × 10–16 | |
| DEQ-5 | 2.68 ± 2.37 | 4.95 ± 3.34 | <2.2 × 10–16 | |
| FL (<5 sites) | 28 100.0% | 8 9.4% | <2.2 × 10–16 | |
| SIT (mm) | 21.7 ± 1.46 | 7.754 ± 0.53 | <0.0001 | |
| Corneal sensitivity | ||||
| Normal | 27 96.4% | 15 17.6% | ||
| Moderate | 1 3.6% | 65 76.5% | ||
| Disappear | 0 | 5 5.9% | ||
| Meibomian gland dysfunction | 6 21.4% | 63 74.1% | ||
| Mild | 6 100% | 44 69.8% | ||
| Moderate | 0 | 13 20.6% | ||
| Severe | 0 | 6 9.6% |
Non-parametric t tests; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; OSDI, Ocular Surface Disease Index; FBUT, fluorescein breakup time; DEQ-5, 5-Item Dry Eye Questionnaire; SIT, Schirmer I Test; FL, corneal fluorescein staining.