Table 1.

Novel cardiovascular risk categories and LDL-C target, as per 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines (adapted from ref 3).

Very high	People with any of the following: Documented ASCVD, either clinical or unequivocal on imaging. Documented ASCVD includes previous ACS (MI or unstable angina), stable angina, coronary revascularisation (PCI, CABG, and other arterial revascularisation procedures), stroke and TIA, and peripheral arterial disease. Unequivocally documented ASCVD on imaging includes those findings that are known to be predictive of clinical events, such as significant plaque on coronary angiography or CT scan (multivessel coronary disease with two major epicardial arteries having >50% stenosis), or on carotid ultrasound. DM with target organ damage or at least three major risk factors or early onset of T1DM of long duration (>20 years). Severe CKD (eGFR _10% for 10-year risk of fatal CVD. FH with ASCVD or with another major risk factor.	LDL-C reduction of ≥50% from baseline LDL-C goal of <55 mg/dL
High	People with: Markedly elevated single risk factors, in particular TC >8 mmol/L (>310 mg/dL), LDL-C >4.9 mmol/L (>190 mg/dL), or BP ≥180/110 mmHg. Patients with FH without other major risk factors. Patients with DM without target organ damage or with DM duration ≥10 years or another additional risk factor. Moderate CKD (eGFR 3059 mL/min/1.73 m2). A calculated SCORE ≥5% and <10% for 10-year risk of fatal CVD	LDL-C reduction of ≥50% from baseline LDL-C goal of <70 mg/dL
Moderate	Young patients (T1DM <35 years; T2DM <50 years) with DM duration <10 years, without other risk factors. Calculated SCORE ≥1% and <5% for 10-year risk of fatal CVD.	LDL-C goal of <100 mg/dL for individuals
Low	Calculated SCORE <1% for 10-year risk of fatal CVD.	<116 m/dL for individuals

ACS, acute coronary syndrome; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BP, blood pressure; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CT, computed tomography; DM, diabetes mellitus; EAS, European Atherosclerosis Society; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESC, European Society of Cardiology; FH, familial hypercholesterolaemia; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MI, Myocardial infarction; PCI, Percutaneous coronary intervention; SCORE, Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation; TC, total cholesterol; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.