Table 2:

Influence of βARK1 and Clinical Characteristics on Physical Symptoms in Heart Failure^a,b

	Unadjusted		Adjusted
	β±SE	p	β±SE	p
Plasma βARK1	0.11±0.10	0.256	0.22±0.10	0.038
Male	−8.17±4.57	0.078	−9.15±4.54	0.048
Age	−0.26±0.15	0.079	−0.41±0.15	0.009
ACE-I/ARB	4.01±4.43	0.368	10.36±4.64	0.029
SHFM score	0.17±1.72	0.920	4.93±2.22	0.030
Right atrial pressure	−0.70±0.46	0.127	−1.66±0.50	0.001
Beta-blocker	−2.14±3.92	0.586	0.68±4.48	0.880
Model R2/Adjusted R2			0.250/0.175

^aPhysical symptoms were measured with the Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale

^bResults reported were factors retained in stepwise modeling using backward selection that included: age, gender, ischemic versus non-ischemic etiology, Seattle Heart Failure Model score, Charlson Comorbidity Index, atrial fibrillation, treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, right atrial pressure, cardiac index, left ventricular internal end-diastolic diameter, blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio, and plasma β-adrenergic receptor kinase-1. Treatment with a beta-blocker was held in the final model as a lockterm.

Abbreviations: ACE-I, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-Inhibitor; ARB, Angiotensin Receptor Blocker; βARK1, β-adrenergic receptor kinase-1; SE, standard error; SHFM, Seattle Heart Failure Model.