Table 3.
Observed Mean (SD) Scores on Outcomes Measures Across Time for 58 Older Adults Receiving Cognitive Rehabilitation and Exposure/Sorting Therapy (CREST) or Geriatric Case Management (CM) for Hoarding Disorder
| Assessment Group | Active Treatment (0–6 mo) |
Follow-Up (6–12 mo) |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time Pointa |
Mean % Changeb | d (95% CI) | Time Effectc |
Group × Time Interaction |
Time Pointa |
Time Effect |
Group × Time Interaction |
||||||||
| Baseline (n = 58) | 3 mo (n = 43) | 6 mo (n = 44) | 9 mo (n = 40) | 12 mo (n = 38) | |||||||||||
| β (SE) | P | β (SE) | P | β (SE) | P | β (SE) | P | ||||||||
| SI-R | |||||||||||||||
| CREST | 57.35 (10.23) | 45.96 (15.38) | 35.44 (15.48) | 38.20% | 0.63 (0.02–1.24) | −10.82 (1.21) | <.001 | 3.95 (1.81) | .03 | 36.5 (13.76) | 41.29 (13.83) | 2.07 (1.11) | .06 | −1.86 (1.65) | .26 |
| CM | 59.48 (14.01) | 51.89 (14.15) | 44.68 (13.29) | 24.88% | 46.44 (17.12) | 45.17 (18.34) | |||||||||
| UHSS | |||||||||||||||
| CREST | 26.35 (5.31) | 21.96 (7.63) | 17.20 (6.50) | 34.72% | 0.50 (0.11–1.10) | −4.41 (0.57) | <.001 | 1.23 (0.84) | .14 | 17.14 (5.99) | 18.00 (5.96) | 0.005 (0.53) | .99 | −0.25 (0.79) | .75 |
| CM | 28.85 (5.82) | 23.95 (7.56) | 21.84 (7.82) | 24.30% | 20.78 (8.64) | 21.39 (8.59) | |||||||||
| CIR | |||||||||||||||
| CREST | 4.15 (1.71) | … | 2.47 (1.05) | 40.48% | 0.55 (0.07–1.16) | −0.67 (0.14) | <.001 | 0.38 (0.21) | .07 | … | |||||
| CM | 4.33 (2.11) | … | 3.65 (2.17) | 15.70% | |||||||||||
| ADL-H | |||||||||||||||
| CREST | 30.85 (9.30) | 24.20 (10.86) | 21.09 (6.67) | 31.64% | 0.67 (0.04–1.38) | −3.93 (0.73) | <.001 | 2.31 (1.09) | .04 | 21.63 (5.89) | 20.56 (4.50) | 0.04 (0.54) | .94 | −0.44 (0.79) | .57 |
| CM | 31.90 (13.53) | 25.35 (11.07) | 27.81 (14.29) | 12.82% | 23.71 (10.25) | 21.33 (5.26) | |||||||||
| HADS Anxiety | |||||||||||||||
| CREST | 9.06 (4.39) | … | 5.63 (4.05) | 37.86% | 0.60 (0.02–1.21) | −1.59 (0.37) | <.001 | 1.11 (0.54) | .04 | … | |||||
| CM | 10.15 (3.41) | … | 8.68 (4.51) | 14.48% | |||||||||||
| HADS Depression | |||||||||||||||
| CREST | 7.13 (3.23) | … | 4.33 (2.20) | 39.27% | 0.55 (0.07–1.16) | −1.41 (0.33) | <.001 | 0.79 (0.49) | .11 | … | |||||
| CM | 8.56 (4.97) | … | 6.84 (4.39) | 20.09% | |||||||||||
| CGI Severity | |||||||||||||||
| CREST | 3.67 (0.17) | … | 2.67 (1.01) | 27.25% | 0.65 (0.01–1.28) | −0.51 (0.09) | <.001 | 0.29 (0.14) | .04 | … | |||||
| CM | 3.96 (0.23) | … | 3.50 (1.54) | 11.62% | |||||||||||
Sample sizes by time point: baseline: CREST: n = 31, CM: n = 27;3 mo: CREST: n = 24, CM: n = 19; posttreatment (6 mo): CREST: n = 25, CM: n = 19; 9 mo: CREST: n = 22, CM: n = 18; 12 mo: CREST: n = 21, CM: n = 18.
Calculated using completer sample (n = 44) only.
Analyses were mixed-effects linear regression models using the intent-to-treat sample and controlling for baseline age, years of education, and OCD diagnosis.
Abbreviations: ADL-H = Activities of Daily Living–Hoarding scale, CGI = Clinical Global Impressions scale, CIR = Clutter Image Rating, HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HD = hoarding disorder, OCD = obsessive-compulsive disorder, SI-R = Saving Inventory-Revised, UHSS = UCLA Hoarding Severity Scale. Symbol: … = not applicable.