Table 2.

Summary statistics for residential long-term exposure levels 1 y before the first follow-up of the HNR study (2005–2006) from the EURAD and ESCAPE-LUR exposure models.

Exposure	$n=615$
	$\text{Mean}\pm \text{SD}$ or $n$ (%)	Range	IQR
${\mathrm{PM}}_{10}$ ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^3$)a	$27.5\pm 1.8$	24.1–34.2	2.0
${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$ ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^3$)a	$18.3\pm 1.0$	16.1–21.4	1.4
${\text{PN}}_{\text{AM}}$ (n/mL)b	$\mathrm{3,203.6}\pm 358.2$	2,447.1–4,431.6	497.0
${\mathrm{NO}}_{\mathrm{x}}$ ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^3$)a	$49.3\pm 11.3$	24.3–107.7	14.2
${\mathrm{NO}}_2$ ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^3$)a	$29.6\pm 4.7$	19.8–62.4	5.3
${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5\text{abs}}$ (${10}^{-5}/\mathrm{m}$)a	$1.5\pm 0.3$	1.0–3.4	0.3
${\mathrm{L}}_{\text{night}}$ [dB(A)]c	$44.0\pm 8.5$	25.2–75.3	12.6
${\mathrm{L}}_{\text{DEN}}$ [dB(A)]c	$52.9\pm 8.7$	34.3–83.7	12.6
${\text{Dist}}_{\text{majroad}}$ (m)d
Absolute distance	$\mathrm{1,098.4}\pm 812.0$	15.8–4,599.7	1,054.8
$<100$	23 (3.7)	—	—
$\ge 100–<200$	28 (4.6)	—	—
$\ge 200$	564 (91.7)	—	—

Note: —, No data; ${\text{Dist}}_{\text{majroad}}$, distance to the nearest major road; ESCAPE-LUR, European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects–Land-Use Regression; EURAD, European Air Pollution Dispersion; HNR, Heinz Nixdorf Recall; IQR, interquartile Range; LANUV, State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection of North Rhine-Westphalia; ${\mathrm{L}}_{\text{DEN}}$, 24-h mean noise; ${\mathrm{L}}_{\text{night}}$, nighttime mean noise (2200–0600 hours); ${\mathrm{NO}}_{\mathrm{x}}$, any nitrogen oxide; ${\mathrm{NO}}_2$, nitrogen dioxide; PM, particulate matter; ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$, $\mathrm{PM}\le 2.5\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{m}$ in aerodynamic diameter; ${\mathrm{PM}}_{\text{abs}}$, PM absorbance; ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5\text{abs}}$, ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$ absorbance; ${\mathrm{PM}}_{10}$, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter $\le 10\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{m}$; ${\text{PN}}_{\text{AM}}$, accumulation mode particle number; SD, standard deviation.

^aFrom ESCAPE-LUR.

^bIn line with EURAD procedures.

^cModeled according to European Standards.

^dFrom LANUV.