Table 3.
Comparison between pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia with or without supplemental oxygen requirements.
| No supplemental oxygen requirement (n = 14) | Supplemental oxygen requirement (n = 18) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics at diagnosis | |||
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 31•3 ± 7•7 | 32•6 ± 6•6 | 0•6 |
| Gestational age, weeks [median (IQR)] | 28•3 ± 7•9 | 28•9 ± 7•2 | 0•8 |
| Asthma and/or obesity [n (%)] | 2 (14•3) | 3 (16•7) | 0•7 |
| Hispanic ethnicity [n (%)] | 7 (50) | 14 (77•8) | 0•2 |
| Clinical presentation | |||
| Cough [n (%)] | 13 (93) | 18 (100) | 0•9 |
| Dyspnoea [n (%)] | 7 (50) | 18 (100) | 0•003 |
| Fever [n (%)] | 8 (57•1) | 12 (66•7) | 0•8 |
| Fatigue [n (%)] | 4 (28•6) | 11 (61•1) | 0•14 |
| Myalgia [n (%)] | 2 (14•3) | 11 (61•1) | 0•02 |
| Headache [n (%)] | 2 (14•3) | 7 (38•9) | 0•2 |
| Coryza [n (%)] | 3 (21•4) | 2 (11•1) | 0•7 |
| Chest pain [n (%)] | 1 (7•1) | 3 (16•7) | 0•8 |
| Time from symptoms onset, days (mean ± SD) | 6•2 ± 4•2 | 6•8 ± 2•3 | 0•6 |
| Clinical data at the time of pneumonia diagnosis | |||
| Initial ePaO2/FiO2 (mean ± SD) | 456 ± 4•8 | 426 ± 44•6 | 0•012 |
| AST, IU/L•(mean ± SD) | 23•5 ± 12 | 48•6 ± 35 | 0•011 |
| ALT, IU/L (mean ± SD) | 23•3 ± 5•7 | 43•2 ± 34 | 0•02 |
| AST and/or ALT >40 IU/L [n (%)] | 14 (21•4) | 18 (66•7) | 0•03 |
| LDH, IU/L (mean ± SD) | 270 ± 56 | 315 ± 93 | 0•13 |
| Lymphocyte count, x 10⁹/L (mean ± SD) | 1.03 ± 0.39 | 0.91 ± 0.33 | 0•3 |
| CRP, mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 4•3 ± 2•9 | 9•7 ± 5•6 | 0•002 |
| CPR levels >5 mg/dL [n (%)] | 6 (42•9) | 14 (77•8) | 0•09 |
| CPR levels >10 mg/dL [n (%)] | 0 (0•0) | 6 (33•0) | 0•05 |
| Radiological findings [n (%)] | |||
| Unilateral infiltrates | 7 (50•0) | 0 (0•0) | 0•003 |
| Bilateral ground-glass opacities | 7 (50•0) | 8 (44•4) | 0•9 |
| Bilateral alveolar or interstitial infiltrates | 0 (0•0) | 10 (55•6) | 0•003 |
| Management of pneumonia | |||
| Antiviral therapy [n (%)] | |||
| Hydroxychloroquine monotherapy | 10 (71•4) | 12 (66•7) | 0•8 |
| Hydroxychloroquine plus LPV/r | 2 (14•3) | 6 (33•3) | 0•4 |
| No antiviral treatment | 2 (14•3) | 0 (0•0) | 0•3 |
| Antibiotic therapy [n (%)] | |||
| Azithromycin | 2 (14•3) | 10 (55•6) | 0•04 |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 5 (35•7) | 6 (33•3) | 0•9 |
| Ceftriaxone | 1 (7•1) | 8 (44•4) | 0•05 |
| Immunomodulatory therapy [n (%)] | |||
| Total | 0 (0•0) | 6 (33•3) | 0•05 |
| Tocilizumab | 0 (0•0) | 5 (27•7) | 0•09 |
| Steroids | 0 (0•0) | 3 (16•7) | 0•3 |
| Outcomes | |||
| Length of hospital admission, days [median (IQR)] | 5•64 (3•14) | 10•24 (4•4) | 0•006 |
| Peak LDH level, IU/L (mean ± SD) | 291 ± 93 | 386 ± 93± | 0•17 |
| Lowest lymphocyte count, x 10⁹ cells/L (mean ± SD) | 0.96 ± 0.35 | 0.84 ± 0.834 | 0•29 |
| Peak CRP level, mg/dl (mean ± SD) | 4•8 ± 2•7 | 11•2 ± 5•2 | <0•0001 |
| Lowest ePaO2/FiO2 (mean ± SD) | 443 ± 29 | 284 ± 74 | <0•0001 |
| ARDS [n (%)] | 0 (0•0) | 8 (44•4) | 0•01 |
| ICU admission and IMV [n (%)] | 0 (0•0) | 2 (11•1) | 0•5 |
| COVID-19-related foetal delivery at admission [n (%)] | 2 (14•3) | 4 (22•3) | 0•9 |
ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CRP: C-reactive protein; ePaO2/FiO2: estimated arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio; IQR: interquartile range; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LPV/r: lopinavir/ritonavir; SD: standard deviation.