Table 1. Patient Characteristics (n = 193).
| Variables | n (%), mean ± SD |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 80.7 ± 7.5, median: 81 (65 - 99) |
| 65 - 79 | 84 (43.5%) |
| ≥ 80 | 109 (56.5%) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 109 (56.5%) |
| Female | 84 (43.5%) |
| Clinical laboratory data on admission | |
| Hb (g/dL) | 11.2 ± 2.2 |
| Alb (g/dL) | 3.4 ± 0.5 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 31.2 ± 18.1 |
| GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 42.3 ± 21.3 |
| Type of comorbidity | |
| Hypertension | 156 (80.8%) |
| Dyslipidemia | 87 (45.1%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 82 (42.5%) |
| Chronic renal disease on HD | 7 (3.6%) |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 96 (49.7%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 64 (33.1%) |
| COPD | 15 (7.8%) |
| Cancer | 32 (16.6%) |
| Etiology | |
| Ischemic heart disease | 67 (34.7%) |
| Hypertensive disease | 29 (15.0%) |
| Valvular disease | 31 (16.1%) |
| Other | 66 (34.2%) |
| CS class | |
| 1 | 83 (43.0%) |
| 2 | 93 (48.2%) |
| Other | 17 (8.8%) |
| LVEF | |
| EF < 40% | 81 (42.0%) |
| EF ≥ 40% | 95 (49.2%) |
| Unkown | 17 (8.8%) |
| PIMs | |
| Benzodiazepine | 26 (13.5%) |
| Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics | 16 (8.3%) |
| Sulfonylurea | 18 (9.3%) |
| Thiazolidinediones | 3 (1.6%) |
| Metformin | 7 (3.6%) |
| Steroid | 7 (3.6%) |
| NSAIDs | 14 (7.3%) |
| H2 antagonists | 19 (9.8%) |
| PPIs | 87 (45.1%) |
| Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers | 10 (5.2%) |
| Pregabalin | 2 (1.4%) |
| Decongestants | 0 |
| Medicinal formulations with high sodium content | 0 |
| Beta2-agonists | 0 |
| Itraconazole | 0 |
SD: standard deviation; Hb: hemoglobin; Alb: albumin; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; HD: hemodialysis; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CS: clinical scenario; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; PIM: potentially inappropriate medication; NSAIDs: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PPIs: proton pump inhibitors.