. 2020 May 11;35(23):e179. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e179

Table 1. Comparison of characteristics according to DR status at first visit.

Characteristics	Without DR	DR	P value
No. of patients	340	40
Age, yr	51.61 ± 12.48	50.78 ± 10.21	0.682^a
Men/women, %	57.94/42.16	60.00/40.00	0.866^b
Body weight, kg	71.23 ± 13.82	69.60 ± 11.90	0.475^a
BMI, kg/m²	26.38 ± 4.19	25.45 ± 3.89	0.184^a
HbA_1C, %	7.34 ± 1.37	10.17 ± 1.82	< 0.001^a
FPG, mg/dL	146.33 ± 50.74	219.15 ± 81.81	< 0.001^a
Cholesterol, mg/dL	180.50 ± 44.40	173.13 ± 43.37	0.320^a
Triglyceride, mg/dL	160.61 ± 94.19	153.18 ± 104.94	0.641^a
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	48.81 ± 14.18	45.13 ± 11.97	0.116^a
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	106.96 ± 40.08	104.53 ± 41.33	0.717^a
UACR, mg/g	34.70 ± 90.37	94.12 ± 176.05	0.001^a
Urine microalbumin, µg/mL	43.81 ± 112.82	107.54 ± 186.23	0.002^a
Serum creatinine, mg/dL	0.77 ± 0.21	0.76 ± 0.28	0.783^a
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²	160.61 ± 94.19	153.18 ± 104.94	0.286^a
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	110.39 ± 36.93	117.06 ± 40.36	0.557^a
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	78.37 ± 10.84	77.83 ± 8.62	0.758^a
Hypertension medication, %	67.94/32.06	77.50/22.50	0.279^b
Coronary artery disease, %	9.71/90.29	7.50/92.50	1.000^b
Stroke, %	7.06/92.94	12.50/87.50	0.212^b
Insulin/OHA/diet only, %	11.2/85.0/3.8	27.5/73.5/0.0	0.008^b
Current/former/never alcohol use, %	46.2/12.9/40.9	45.0/12.5/42.5	0.879^b
Current/former/never smoker, %	30.0/15.3/54.7	37.5/7.5/55.0	0.340^b

DR = diabetic retinopathy, BMI = body mass index, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, OHA = oral hypoglycemic agent, HbA_1C = glycated hemoglobin, FPG = fasting plasma glucose, UACR = urine albumin to creatinine ratio.

^aIndependent t-test; ^bPearson χ² test.