Table 2. Univariate Cox proportional hazards models for predicting the progression of DR.
| Variables | HR | P valuea |
|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 0.869 | 0.559 |
| Men:women | 0.087 | 0.771 |
| Body weight, kg | 0.962 | 0.962 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.741 | 0.788 |
| HbA1C, % | 3.245 | 0.389 |
| FPG, mg/dL | 1.032 | 0.191 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | 0.952 | 0.817 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 1.021 | 0.529 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 1.044 | 0.836 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 1.025 | 0.908 |
| UACR, mg/g | 1.029 | 0.608 |
| Urine microalbumin, µg/mL | 0.983 | 0.778 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.000 | 0.518 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 0.849 | 0.486 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 1.048 | 0.711 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 0.807 | 0.368 |
| Hypertension medication, % | 43.479 | 0.242 |
| Coronary artery disease, % | 0.278 | 0.864 |
| Stroke, % | 0.263 | 0.885 |
| Insulin/OHA/diet only, % | 1.000/1.509/8.330 | 0.917/0.999/0.992 |
| Current/former/never alcohol use, % | 1.000/0.457/1.607 | 0.975/0.862/0.894 |
| Current/former/never smoker, % | 1.000/1.358/0.470 | 0.952/0.825/0.771 |
DR = diabetic retinopathy, HR = hazard ratio, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, OHA = oral hypoglycemic agent, HbA1C = glycated hemoglobin, FPG = fasting plasma glucose, UACR = urine albumin to creatinine ratio, BMI = body mass index.
aUnivariate Cox proportional hazards models.