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. 2020 Jun 15;10:9624. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66598-2

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© The Author(s) 2020, corrected publication 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fungal profiling of gut microbiome. (A) Alpha diversity distributions (observed species) between non-T2DM and T2DM groups. (B) Fungal diversity distributions (observed species) across DMM enterotypes (** = P value < 0.001; * = P value < 0.05; Wilcoxon rank-sum test). (C) Correlation between fungal and prokaryotic diversity (observed species). R and p corresponds to Spearman Rho and p-value of Spearman correlation test. (D) Effect sizes of environmental fitting of clinical variables and disease state over Principal coordinates ordination from panel E (** = P value < 0.05; * = P value < 0.1; permutation test). (E) Principal coordinates analyses of inter-individual differences (genus-level Bray-Curtis beta-diversity) with samples colored by disease state (non-T2DM, T2DM). Arrows represents effect sizes of the significant variables identified by environmental fitting analyses of panel D. (F) Bar plot of log2 fold changes in taxonomic feature abundance between non-T2DM controls and T2DM (P value < 0.05 in GLM model with negative binomial distribution of feature abundance by disease state adjusted by age).