Fig. 1.

CRISPR/Cas mediated base editing mechanism. A catalytically inactive Cas9 (dCas9) fused to adenosine or cytidine deaminase domain, guided by a sgRNA to generate single‐base substitutions without double‐stranded breaks (DSBs) in the DNA. The cytidine deaminase catalyzes the deamination of cytosine (C) and converts cytosine (C) to thymine (T) at the target site. The adenosine deaminase catalyzes the deamination of adenine (A) and converts adenine (A) to guanine (G) at the target site. ABE, adenosine base editor; CBE, cytidine base editor