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. 2020 Jun 9;8:572. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00572

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Copyright © 2020 Liebsch, Kocak, Aleinikov, Kerimbayev, Akshulakov, Jansen, Vogt and Wilke.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Results for primary axial rotation movement of the entire thoracic spine (T1–T12), illustrated as medians with ranges, respectively. Significant differences (p < 0.05) are labeled with an asterisk as well as the respective condition to which the ROM median value was significant. Relative ROM changes between the single conditions are given at the bottom of the diagram for primary axial rotation and secondary lateral bending. The red horizontal line indicates the median value of the intact condition.