Table 1.
Characteristics of the individuals in the different study cohorts
| Exploration population (cohort 1) | Internal validation (cohort 2) | External validation (cohort 3) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individuals, N | 2,868 | 1,228 | 2,431* | |
| Male, N (%) | 1,120 (39.1) | 476 (38.8) | 1,078 (44.3) | <0.001 |
| Smoker, N (%) | 643 (22.4) | 258 (21.0) | 641 (26.4) | <0.001 |
| Known hypertension, N (%) | 1,254 (43.7) | 556 (45.3) | 1,284 (52.8) | <0.001 |
| Age (yr) | 57 (50, 63) | 58 (50, 64) | 55 (49, 61) | 0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.6 (23.1, 28.1) | 25.6 (23.1, 28.0) | 26.3 (24.1, 28.4) | 0.0001 |
| WC (cm) | 85 (78, 92) | 84 (78, 92) | 88 (81, 93) | 0.0001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 148 (140, 160) | 147 (140, 160) | 147 (140, 158) | 0.03 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 91 (84, 98) | 91 (83, 98) | 90 (84, 96) | 0.0007 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.6 (5.2, 6.1) | 5.5 (5.1, 6.0) | 5.8 (5.5, 6.3) | 0.0001 |
| 2h-PG (mmol/L) | 7.1 (5.7, 8.9) | 7.0 (5.7, 8.7) | 7.4 (6.2, 9.1) | 0.0001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.5 (5.2, 5.9) | 5.4 (4.7, 6.2) | 5.5 (5.2, 5.8) | 0.0001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 37 (33, 41) | 36 (28, 44) | 37 (33, 40) | 0.0001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.4 (4.7, 6.2) | 5.4 (4.7, 6.2) | 4.9 (4.3, 5.5) | 0.0001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.4 (1.0, 2.1) | 1.3 (0.9, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.3) | 0.0001 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.8) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.8) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.7) | 0.0001 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 3.2 (2.6, 3.7) | 3.1 (2.6, 3.6) | 2.7 (2.3, 3.2) | 0.0001 |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 63 (53, 74) | 63 (53, 74) | 64 (55, 75) | 0.01 |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or, where stated, as number and percentage.
*
Three individuals did not provide DBP data.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; 2h-PG, 2-hr postprandial glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Cr, creatine.