Table 4.
Characteristics of true-positive versus false-negative cases and screen-positive versus screen-negative cases in all three datasets
| Individuals with confirmed diabetes | Individuals who underwent diabetes screening* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
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| True-positive† (N=684) | False-negative‡ (N=254) | P | Screen-positive§ (N=2,006) | Screen-negative|| (N=4,521) | P | |
| Age (yr) | 58 (52, 63) | 55 (50, 63) | 0.05 | 58 (52, 64) | 55 (49, 62) | <0.0001 |
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| ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.0 (24.9, 29.5) | 26.7 (23.8, 28.9) | 0.006 | 26.4 (24.3, 28.9) | 25.6 (23.2, 27.9) | <0.0001 |
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| ||||||
| WC (cm) | 90 (83, 96) | 88 (80, 95) | 0.01 | 87 (80, 94) | 85 (79, 92) | <0.0001 |
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| ||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 149 (140, 161) | 151 (142, 163) | 0.26 | 148 (140, 160) | 147 (140, 158) | 0.002 |
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| ||||||
| DBP (mmHg) | 91 (83, 97) | 92 (84, 98) | 0.12 | 90 (83, 96) | 91 (84, 97) | 0.005 |
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| ||||||
| FPG (mmol/L) | 7.3 (6.5, 8.3) | 6.7 (5.9, 7.2) | <0.0001 | 6.1 (5.6, 6.9) | 5.5 (5.2, 5.9) | <0.0001 |
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| ||||||
| PPG (mmol/L) | 13.3 (11.5, 16.5) | 11.5 (10.3, 12.6) | <0.0001 | 8.8 (6.8, 11.9) | 6.8 (5.6, 8.1) | <0.0001 |
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| ||||||
| HbA1c (%) | 6.5 (6.1, 7.2) | 5.2 (4.5, 6.0) | <0.001 | 6.1 (5.9, 6.4) | 5.3 (5.1, 5.5) | <0.0001 |
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| ||||||
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 48 (43, 55) | 33 (26, 42) | <0.0001 | 43 (41, 46) | 34 (32, 37) | <0.0001 |
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| ||||||
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.5 (4.8, 6.3) | 5.2 (4.5, 6.0) | 0.0001 | 5.4 (4.7, 6.2) | 5.1 (4.4, 5.9) | <0.0001 |
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| ||||||
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.9 (1.3, 2.8) | 1.8 (1.2, 2.7) | 0.16 | 1.6 (1.1, 2.4) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.1) | <0.0001 |
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| ||||||
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.5 (1.2, 1.7) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.8) | 0.03 | 1.5 (1.2, 1.7) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.8) | <0.0001 |
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| ||||||
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 3.2 (2.7, 3.8) | 2.8 (2.3, 3.5) | <0.0001 | 3.1 (2.6, 3.7) | 2.9 (2.4, 3.4) | <0.0001 |
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| ||||||
| 10-yr CVD risk score (%)¶ | 26.7 (18.5, 39.8) | 24.2 (16.2, 36.1) | 0.01 | 21.1 (12.4, 35.9) | 14.3 (8.5, 24.5) | <0.0001 |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range).
Three individuals did not provide DBP data;
True-positive cases were defined as individuals with confirmed diabetes based on the 1999 WHO criteria that were detected by HbA1c at the derived cut-off point of 5.8% (40 mmol/mol);
False-negative cases were defined as individuals with confirmed diabetes based on the 1999 WHO criteria that were not detected by HbA1c at the derived cut-off point of 5.8% (40 mmol/mol);
Screen-positive cases were defined as individuals with an HbA1c ≥ the derived cut-off point of 5.8% (40 mmol/mol);
Screen-negative cases were defined as individuals with an HbA1c < the derived cut-off point of 5.8% (40 mmol/mol);
The 10-year risk score of CVD was calculated according to the Framingham Risk Score for predicting CVD [19].
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; PPG, post-prandial plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CVD, cardiovascular disease.