Table 1.
Effects on CV outcomes of landmark randomized controlled trials with the goal of intensifying glycemic control.
| ADVANCE (35) | ACCORD (36, 37) | VADT (38) | UKPDS (39) | DCCT (40, 41) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 11,140 | 10,251 | 1,791 | 5,102 | 1,441 |
| Mean Age (years) | 66 | 62.2 | 60.4 | 53.3 | 26.9 |
| nitial BMI | 28 | 32 | 31.3 | 27.5 | 23.5 |
| HbA1c Achieved (%) Intensive vs. standard | 6.5 vs.7.3 | 6.4 vs.7.5 | 6.9 vs. 8.4 | 7 vs. 7.7 | 7 vs. 9 |
| Mean FU (years) | 5 | 3.5 | 5.6 | 10 | 6.5 |
| CV outcome | MACE: - Non-fatal MI - Non-fatal stroke - CV death |
MACE: - Non-fatal MI - Non-fatal stroke - CV death |
Composite CV events: - MI - Stroke - CV death - CHF - Inoperable CAD - Surgical intervention for CVD - Amputation for ischemic gangrene |
Myocardial Infarction | MACE: - Non-fatal MI - Non-fatal stroke - CV death |
| Duration and severity of diabetes | Vascular disease or risk factor 8 years of diabetes |
CVD or 2 risk factors m 10 years of diabetes |
Poorly controlled 11.5 years of diabetes |
New onset type 2 diabetes | 5.9 years of type 1 diabetes |
| Risk reduction for CV outcome |
HR = 0.94 (0.84–1.06) P = 0.32 |
HR = 0.9 (1.04–0.78) P = 0.16 |
HR = 0.87 (0.73–1.04) P = 0.14 |
RR = 0.84 (0.71–1) P = 0.053 |
NS |
| Glucose lowering drugs | Gliclazide, metformin, thiazolidinediones, acarbose, or insulin | Metformin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, α-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin, and exenatide | Glimepiride, metformin, rosiglitazon, and insulin | Chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, glipizide, metformin, and insulin | Insulin pump or injections |
CV, cardiovascular; RR, Relative Risk; HR, hazard ratio; FU, follow up; CHF, congestive heart failure; CI, Confidence Interval; MI, myocardial infarction; BL, baseline; NS, Non significant; MACE, Major adverse cardiovascular events; CAD, Coronary artery disease.