Table 1.
Fungicides currently used for control of stripe rust (SR) in the major wheat-growing regions of the world.
| Country | Trade mark | Active ingredients (%) | Label rate (mL ha−1) | Application rate (grs a.i. ha−1) | Chemical group | Mode of action | FRAC group | Main Action type | Plant organ | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Argentina* | Miravis® Triple Pack | Propiconazole (25) + benzovindiflupir (4) + pydiflumetofen (20) | 500 + 150 – 600 + 200 | 125 + 20 + 30 – 150 + 24 + 40 | DMI + SDHI + SDHI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis + succinate-dehydrogenase | 7 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Syngenta Agro S.A. |
| Elatus® Ace | Propiconazole (25) + benzovindiflupir (4) | 500–600 | 125 + 20 – 150 + 24 | DMI + SDHI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis + succinate-dehydrogenase | 7 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Syngenta Agro S.A. | |
| Orquesta Ultra® | Fluxapyroxad (50) + epoxiconazole (50) + pyraclostrobin (81) | 1,000–1,200 | 50 + 50 + 81 – 60 + 60 + 97.2 | SDHI + DMI + QoI | Succinate-dehydrogenase + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis + cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) | 7 + 3 + 11 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | BASF Argentina S.A. | |
| Allegro® | Kresoxim methyl (12.5) + epoxiconazole (12.5) | 750–1,000 | 93.75 + 93.75 – 125 + 125 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | BASF Argentina S.A. | |
| Opera® | Pyraclostrobin (13.3) + epoxiconazole (5) | 1,000 | 133 + 50 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | BASF Argentina S.A. | |
| Sphere max® | Trifloxystrobin (37.5) + cyproconazole (16) | 250–400 | 93.75 + 40 – 150 + 64 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Bayer Argentina S.A. | |
| Nanok® | Azoxystrobin (12.5) + flutriafol (12.5) | 600–700 | 75 + 75 – 87.5 + 87.5 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | FMC Argentina | |
| Duett plus® | Epoxiconazole (3.75) + metconazole (2.75) | 1,200 | 45 + 33 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | (In registration) | |
| Amistar xtra® | Azoxystrobin (20) + cyproconazole (8) | 400 | 80 + 32 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | (In registration) | |
| Cripton® | Trifloxystrobin (15) + prothioconazole (17.5) | 700 | 105 + 122.5 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | (In registration) | |
| Cripton xpro® | Trifloxystrobin (15) + prothioconazole (17.5) + bixafen (12.5) | 700 | 105 + 122.5 + 87.5 | QoI + DMI + SDHI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis + succinate-dehydrogenase | 11 + 3 + 7 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | (In registration) | |
| Stinger® | Picoxystrobin (20) + cyproconazole (8) | 400 | 80 + 32 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | (In registration) | |
| Rubric® | Azoxystrobin (20) + epoxiconazole (10) | 500 | 100 + 50 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | (In registration) | |
| Azoxy Pro® | Azoxystrobin (20) + cyproconazole (8) | 400 | 80 + 32 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | (In registration) | |
| Australia | Foliarflo C®, Apparent Suntan®, Baytan T®, Triadimenol T®, Proleaf T® | Triadimenol (15) + cypermethrin (0.4) | 1.5 L/ton seed | – | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Seed | SARDI, 2020 |
| Triadimefon 125 EC®, Slingshot®, Triad®, Turret® | Triadimefon (12.5) | 500–1,000 | 63–125 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Wanyera et al., 2010 | |
| Aurora®, Prestige®, Slipstream 250 EC® | Propiconazole (25) | 500 | 125 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Wanyera et al., 2010 | |
| Orius 430 SC®, Stingray 430®, Tebuconazole 430 SC® | Tebuconazole (43) | 290 | 125 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Wanyera et al., 2010 | |
| Accord 125®, Opus 125® | Epoxiconazole (12.5) | 500 | 63 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Wanyera et al., 2010 | |
| Jockey® Stayer®, Quantum Pro® | Fluquinconazole (16.7) | 3.0 L/ton seed | – | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Seed | SARDI, 2020 | |
| Armour C®, Arrow C® | Flutriafol (10) + cypermethrin (0.4) | 100 mL/100 kg seed | – | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Seed | SARDI, 2020 | |
| Impact Endure®, Jubilee® | Flutriafol (50) | 100–200 | 50–100 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar, in-furrow | SARDI, 2020 | |
| Bayonet® | Flutriafol (25) | 100–200 | 25–50 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar, in-furrow | SARDI, 2020 | |
| Opera® | Pyraclostrobin (8.5) + epoxiconazole (6.25) | 500–1000 | 43 + 31 – 85 + 62.5 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | BASF Australia Ltd | |
| Tilt Xtra 250 EC® | Propiconazole (25) + cyproconazole (8) | 250–500 | 63 + 20 – 125 + 40 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Wanyera et al., 2010 | |
| Amistar Xtra® | Azoxystrobin (20) + cyproconazole (8) | 400–800 | 80 + 32 – 160 + 64 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Wanyera et al., 2010 | |
| Uniform® | azoxystrobin (32.2) + metalaxyl-m (12.4) | 200–400 | 64.4–128.8 | QoI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) | 11 | Preventive | In-furrow | SARDI, 2020 | |
| Canada | Quilt® | Azoxystrobin (7.5) + propiconazole (12.5) | 1,000 | 75 + 125 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Syngenta Canada Inc. |
| Trivapro® | Azoxystrobin (10.5) + propiconazole (11.9) + benzovindiflupyr (2.9) | 750–1,000 | 79 + 89 + 22 – 105 + 119 + 29 | QoI + DMI + SDHI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis + succinate-dehydrogenase | 11 + 3 + 7 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Syngenta Canada Inc. | |
| Miravis Ace® | Pydiflumetofen (15) + propiconazole (12.5) | 1,000 | 150 + 125 | DMI + SDHI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis + succinate-dehydrogenase | 7 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Syngenta Canada Inc. | |
| Nufarm Propiconazole® | Propiconazole (41.8) | 300 | 125 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar, in-furrow | Nufarm Agriculture Inc. | |
| Headline SC® | Pyraclostrobin (25) | 300–400 | 75–100 | QoI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) | 11 | Preventive | Foliar | BASF Canada Inc. | |
| Prosaro 250 EC® | Prothioconazole (12.5) + tebuconazole (12.5) | 800 | 100 + 100 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Bayer CropScience Inc. | |
| Folicur 250 EW® | Tebuconazole (25) | 375–500 | 94 + 125 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Bayer CropScience Inc. | |
| HornetTM 432 F | Tebuconazole (43.2) | 220–292 | 95–126 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Nufarm Agriculture Inc. | |
| Delaro 325 SC® | Trifloxystrobin (15) + prothioconazole (17.5) | 572 | 85.8 + 100 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Bayer CropScience Inc. | |
| Caramba® | Metconazole (9) | 500–700 | 45–63 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | BASF Canada Inc. | |
| Nexicor™ | Pyraclostrobin (20) + propiconazole (12.5) + fluxapyroxad (3) | 500 | 100 + 63 + 45 | QoI + DMI + SDHI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis + succinate-dehydrogenase | 11 + 3 + 7 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | BASF Canada Inc. | |
| Twinline™ | Pyraclostrobin (13) + metconazole (8) | 380–500 | 49 + 30 – 65 + 40 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | BASF Canada Inc. | |
| Stratego 250 EC® | Trifloxystrobin (12.5) + prothioconazole (12.5) | 500 | 63 + 63 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Bayer CropScience Inc. | |
| China | Bayleton® | Triadimenol (12.5) | 500 | 63 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Wan et al., 2007 |
| Tilt® | Propiconazole | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Chen, 2007 | |||
| Stratego® | Propiconazole + trifloxystrobin | DMI + QoI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis + cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) | 3 + 11 | Curative + preventive | Foliar | Chen, 2007 | |||
| Prosaro® | Prothioconazole + tebuconazole | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Chen, 2007 | |||
| Quilt® | Propiconazole + azoxystrobin | DMI + QoI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis + cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) | 3 + 11 | Curative + preventive | Foliar | Chen, 2007 | |||
| Evito® | Fluoxastrobin | QoI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) | 11 | Preventive | Foliar | Chen, 2007 | |||
| Quadris® | Azoxystrobin | QoI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) | 11 | Preventive | Foliar | Chen, 2007 | |||
| Egypt | Tilt 250 EC® | Propiconazole (25) | 500 | 125 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Wanyera et al., 2010 |
| Europe | Opus Team® | Epoxiconazole (8.4) + fenpropimorph (25) | 1,500 | 126 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Jørgensen et al., 2018 |
| Proline 250 EC® | Prothioconazole (25) | 800 | 200 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Jørgensen et al., 2018 | |
| Caramba 90® | Metconazole (9) | 1,000 | 90 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Jørgensen et al., 2018 | |
| Folicur 250 EW® | Tebuconazole (25) | 1,000 | 250 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Jørgensen et al., 2018 | |
| Osiris® | Epoxiconazole (5.625) + metconazole (4.125) | 2,000 | 112.5 + 82.5 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Jørgensen et al., 2018 | |
| Prosaro 250 EC® | Tebuconazole (12.5) + prothioconazole (12.5) | 1,000 | 125 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Jørgensen et al., 2018 | |
| India | Nativo 75 WG® | Trifloxystrobin (25) + tebuconazole (50) | 300–400 | 75 + 150 – 100 + 200 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Singh et al., 2016 |
| Opera® | Pyraclostrobin (13.3) + epoxiconazole (5) | 1,000 | 133 + 50 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Singh et al., 2016 | |
| Amistar 250 SC® | Azoxystrobin (25) | Singh et al., 2016 | ||||||||
| Score 250 EC® | Difenoconazole (25) | 500 | 125 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Singh et al., 2016 | |
| Tilt 250 EC® | Propiconazole (25) | Singh et al., 2016 | ||||||||
| Folicur 250 EC® | Tebuconazole (25) | Singh et al., 2016 | ||||||||
| Bayleton 50 WP® | Triadimefon (50) | 500–1,000 | 250–500 | Singh et al., 2016 | ||||||
| Topas 100 EC® | Penconazole (10) | Singh et al., 2016 | ||||||||
| Dithane 75 WP® | Mancozeb (7.5) | Singh et al., 2016 | ||||||||
| Predict® | Azoxystrobin (11) + tebuconazole (18.3) | 741 (gr) | 82 + 136 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | ||
| Kenya | Tilt 250 EC® | Propiconazole (25) | 500 | 125 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Wanyera et al., 2010 |
| Nativo 300SC® | Trifloxystrobin (10) + tebuconazole (20) | 1,250 | 125 + 250 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Wanyera et al., 2016 | |
| Amistar Xtra® | Azoxystrobin (20) + cyproconazole (8) | 400 | 80 + 32 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Syngenta Inc. | |
| Cherokee 487.5 SE® | Chlorothalonil (37.5) + propiconazole (6.25) + cyproconazole (5) | 1,200 | 450 + 75 + 60 | M + DMI | Multisite + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | M05 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Syngenta Inc. | |
| New Zealand | Alto 100 SL® | Cyproconazole (10) | 400 | 40 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Wanyera et al., 2010 |
| Tilt EC® | Propiconazole (25) | 500 | 125 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Wanyera et al., 2010 | |
| Opus 125® | Epoxiconazole (12.5) | 500 | 63 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Wanyera et al., 2010 | |
| Systiva® | Fluxapyroxad (6.25) | 0.75–1.25 lt per ton of seed | SDHI | Succinate-dehydrogenase | 7 | Preventive | Seed | Beresford, 2011 | ||
| Pakistan | Tilt® | Propiconazole (41.8) | 292 | 122.1 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Syngenta Inc. |
| Russia | Alto 100 SL® | Cyproconazole (10) | 400 | 40 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Syngenta Inc. |
| South Africa | Abacus® Advance | Epoxiconazole (6.25) + pyraclostrobin (6.25) | 1,000 | 62.5 + 62.5 | DMI + QoI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis + cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) | 3 + 11 | Curative + preventive | Foliar | ARC Small Grain Institute, 2014 |
| Acanto 250 SC® | Picoxystrobin (25) | 300 | 75 | QoI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) | 11 | Preventive | Foliar | ARC Small Grain Institute, 2014 | |
| Amistar Xtra® | Azoxystrobin (20) + cyproconazole (8) | 500 | 100 + 40 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Wanyera et al., 2010 | |
| Folicur 250 EW® | Tebuconazole (25) | 750 | 187.5 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | ARC Small Grain Institute, 2014 | |
| Bumper 250 EC®, Tilt® | Propiconazole (25) | 400 | 100 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Wanyera et al., 2010 | |
| Acanto 250 SC + Capitan 250 EW® | Picoxystrobin (25) + flusilazole (25) | 300 + 400 | 75 + 100 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | ARC Small Grain Institute, 2014 | |
| Cabrio/Folicur | Pyraclostrobin (25)/tebuconazole (25) | 250/750 | 62.5 + 187.5 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | ARC Small Grain Institute, 2014 | |
| Prosper Trio/Prosaro 250 EW® | Tebuconazole (16.7) + triadimenol (4.3) + spiroxamine (25)/prothioconazole (12.5) + tebuconazole (12.5) | 500/400 | 83.5 + 21.5 + 125/50 + 50 | QoI + DMI + morpholine | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase/14-reductase and 8–7 isomerase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 + 5 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | ARC Small Grain Institute, 2014 | |
| UK | Proline® | Prothioconazole (27.5) | 720 | 198 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | AHDB, 2019 |
| Bassoon® | Epoxiconazole (8.3) | 1,500 | 124.5 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | AHDB, 2019 | |
| Imtrex® | Fluxapyroxad (6.25) | 2,000 | 125 | SDHI | Succinate-dehydrogenase | 7 | Preventive | Foliar | AHDB, 2019 | |
| Comet® | Pyraclostrobin (20) | 1,250 | 250 | QoI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) | 11 | Preventive | Foliar | AHDB, 2019 | |
| Amistar® | Azoxystrobin (25) | 1,000 | 250 | QoI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) | 11 | Preventive | Foliar | AHDB, 2019 | |
| Amistar Opti® | Azoxystrobin (10) + chlorothalonil (50) | 1,500 | 150 + 750 | QoI + M | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + Multisite | 11 + M05 | Preventive | Foliar | AHDB, 2019 | |
| Mobius® | Trifloxystrobin (15) + prothioconazole (17.5) | 1,000 | 150 + 175 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | AHDB, 2019 | |
| Ascra Xpro® | Bixafen (6.5) + fluopyram (6.5) + prothioconazole (13) | 1,500 | 97.5 + 97.5 + 195 | SDHI + SDHI + DMI | Succinate-dehydrogenase + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 7 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | AHDB, 2019 | |
| Elatus Era® | Benzovindiflupyr (7.5) + prothioconazole (15) | 1,000 | 75 + 150 | SDHI + DMI | Succinate-dehydrogenase + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 7 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | AHDB, 2019 | |
| Revystar XE® | Fluxapyroxad (4.75) + mefentrifluconazole (10) | 1,500 | 150 + 71.25 | SDHI + DMI | Succinate-dehydrogenase + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 7 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | AHDB, 2019 | |
| Uruguay* | StigmarXtra® | Azoxistrobin (25) + ciproconazol (10) | 350 | 87.5 + 35 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Germán et al., 2018 |
| Opera® | Pyraclostrobin (13.3) + epoxiconazole (5) | 1,000 | 133 + 50 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Germán et al., 2018 | |
| Stratego® | Trifloxystrobin (12.5) + propiconazole (12.5) | 500–750 | 62.5 + 62.5 – 93.75 – 93.75 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Germán et al., 2018 | |
| Allegro® | Kresoxim methyl (12.5) + epoxiconazole (12.5) | 1,000 | 125 + 125 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Germán et al., 2018 | |
| Abacus SC | Pyraclostrobin (26) + epoxiconazole (16) | 500 | 130 + 80 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Germán et al., 2018 | |
| Stigmar Plus® | Azoxistrobin (20) + tebuconazole (15) | 500 | 100 + 75 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Germán et al., 2018 | |
| Xantho® | Pyraclostrobin (8.1) + epoxiconazole (5) + fluxapyroxad (5) | 1,200 | 97.2 + 60 + 60 | QoI + DMI + SDHI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis + succinate-dehydrogenase | 11 + 3 + 7 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Germán et al., 2018 | |
| USA | Aproach SC® | Picoxystrobin (22.5) | 439–877 | 98.8–197.3 | QoI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) | 11 | Preventive | Foliar | Wegulo, 2015 |
| Tilt 3.6 EC®, Bumper 41.8 EC®, Fitness®, PropiMax 3.6 EC® | Propiconazole (41.8) | 292 | 122.1 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Wegulo, 2015; Chen and Kang, 2017b | |
| Proline 480 SC® | Prothioconazole (41) | 366–417 | 150–171 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Wegulo, 2015 | |
| Folicur 3.6 F®, Embrace®, Monsoon®, Muscle 3.6 F®, Onset 3.6 L®, Tebucon 3.6 F®, Tebustar 3.6 F®, Tebuzol 3.6 F®, Tegrol®, Toledo 3.6 F® | Tebuconazole (38.7) | 292 | 113 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Wegulo, 2015; Chen and Kang, 2017b | |
| Prosaro 421 SC® | Prothioconazole (19) + tebuconazole (19) | 475–599 | 90.3 – 113.8 + 90.3 – 113.8 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | Chen and Kang, 2017b | |
| Quilt 200 SC® | Azoxystrobin (7) + propiconazole (11.7) | 768–1,023 | 54 + 90 – 72 + 120 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Wegulo, 2015 | |
| Quilt Xcel 2.2 SE®, Avaris 2XS® | Azoxystrobin (13.5) + propiconazole (11.7) | 768–1,023 | 103.7 – 138.1 + 90 – 119.7 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Wegulo, 2015 | |
| Miravis Ace SE® | Pydiflumetofen (13.7) + propiconazole (11.4) | 1,000 | 137 + 114 | SDHI + DMI | Succinate-dehydrogenase + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 7 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | NCERA, 2019 | |
| Stratego 250 EC® | Trifloxystrobin (11.4) + prothioconazole (11.4) | 731 | 83.3 + 83.3 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Chen and Kang, 2017b | |
| Stratego YLD® | Trifloxystrobin (32.3) + prothioconazole (10.8) | 292 | 94.3 + 31.5 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Wegulo, 2015 | |
| Aproach Prima SC® | Picoxystrobin (17.94) + cyproconazole (7.17) | 249–497 | 44.7 – 89.2 + 17.9 – 35.6 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Wegulo, 2015 | |
| Topguard® | Flutriafol (11.8) | 366–512 | 43–60 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | WSU, 2019 | |
| Topguard EQ® | Azoxystrobin (25.3) + flutriafol (18.63) | 219–292 | 55 + 41 – 74 + 54 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | WSU, 2019 | |
| Lucento® | Bixafen (15.55) + flutriafol (26.47) | 219–402 | 34 + 58 – 63 + 106 | SDHI + DMI | Succinate-dehydrogenase + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 7 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | WSU, 2019 | |
| Alto + NIS 0.25% v/v® | Cyproconazole (8.9) | 402 | 36 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | WSU, 2019 | |
| Prosaro 421 SC + NIS 0.125% v/v ® | Prothioconazole (19) + tebuconazole (19) | 366 | 19 + 19 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | WSU, 2019 | |
| Trivapro + NIS 0.25% v/v® | Azoxystrobin (10.5) + propiconazole (11.9) + benzovindiflupyr (2.9) | 687–1,000 | 72 + 82 + 20 – 105 + 119 + 29 | QoI + DMI + SDHI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis + succinate-dehydrogenase | 11 + 3 + 7 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | WSU, 2019 | |
| CustodiaTM | Azoxystrobin (11) + tebuconazole (18.3) | 750 | 82.5 + 137.3 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | Chen and Kang, 2017b | |
| DexterTM Max XCEL® | Azoxystrobin (3.09) + tebuconazole (2.72) + mancozeb (27.25) | 3,500 | 108 + 95 + 956 | QoI + DMI + M | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis + Multisite | 11 + 3 + M03 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | WSU, 2019 | |
| Evito 480 SC® | Fluoxastrobin (40.3) | 146–292 | 58.9–117.8 | QoI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) | 11 | Preventive | Foliar | WSU, 2018 | |
| Headline SC® | Pyraclostrobin (22.5) | 439–658 | 98.8–148.1 | QoI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) | 11 | Preventive | Foliar | WSU, 2018 | |
| Caramba 0.75 SL® | Metconazole (8.6) | 731–1,243 | 62.9–106.9 | DMI | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 3 | Curative | Foliar | WSU, 2018 | |
| TwinLine 1.75 EC® | Pyraclostrobin (12) + metconazole (7.4) | 512–658 | 61.4 – 79 + 37.9 – 48.7 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | WSU, 2018 | |
| Priaxor® | Pyraclostrobin (28.6) + fluxapyroxad (14.3) | 292–585 | 83.5 – 167.3 + 41.8 – 83.7 | QoI + SDHI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + succinate-dehydrogenase | 11 + 7 | Preventive | Foliar | WSU, 2018 | |
| Absolute Maxx SC® | Trifloxystrobin (22.6) + tebuconazole (22.6) | 366 | 82.7 + 82.7 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | WSU, 2018 | |
| Delaro 325 SC® | Trifloxystrobin (13.7) + prothioconazole (16) | 585 | 80.1 + 93.6 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | WSU, 2018 | |
| Nexicor EC® | Pyraclostrobin (18.7) + propiconazole (11.7) + fluapyroxad (2.8) | 512–950 | 96 + 60 + 14 – 178 + 111 + 27 | QoI + DMI + SDHI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis + succinate-dehydrogenase | 11 + 3 + 7 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | WSU, 2018 | |
| Preemptor SC® | Fluoxastrobin (14.8) + flutriafol (19.3) | 292–439 | 43 + 56 – 65 + 85 | QoI + DMI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) + C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis | 11 + 3 | Preventive + curative | Foliar | WSU, 2018 | |
| Vertisan® | Penthiopyrad (20.6) | 731–1,754 | 151–361.3 | SDHI | Succinate-dehydrogenase | 7 | Preventive | Foliar | Chen and Kang, 2017b | |
| Viathon® | Tebuconazole (3.3) + potassium phosphite (49) | 2,340 | 70 + 1147 | DMI + | C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis + host plant defense induction | 3 + P 07 (33) | Curative + preventive | Foliar | Chen and Kang, 2017b | |
| Quadris®, Equation 2.08 SC® | Azoxystrobin (22.9) | 292–877 | 67–200 | QoI | Cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) | 11 | Preventive | Foliar | French, 2016 |
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