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. 2020 Jun 9;11:493. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00493

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Copyright © 2020 Gogeascoechea, Kuck, van Asseldonk, Negro, Buitenweg, Yavuz and Sartori.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Spatiotemporal spinal maps of ipsilateral α-MNs. (A) Experimental set-up for ankle plantar flexion. For the tsDCS, the cathode is placed between the 11th and 12th vertebrae (targeting the lumbosacral spinal segments) and the anode over the right shoulder. HD-EMGs are recorded from the triceps surae and the reference electrode is placed on the malleolus. A brace with velcro closure was attached to immobilize the upper leg and the force plate measures ankle plantar flexion force. (B) HD-EMG is decomposed into α-MN spike trains using a convolutive blind-source separation technique (24). (C) The spinal output to generate the neural drive to muscles is estimated from the α-MN spike trains. This reveals spatiotemporal information of α-MN activity in the spinal cord across different levels of force (% MVC). % MVC, percentage of maximum voluntary contraction; ch, channel; CKC, convolution kernel compensation.