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. 2020 Jun 9;11:959. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00959

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Copyright © 2020 Jaroonwitchawan, Visitchanakun, Dang, Ritprajak, Palaga and Leelahavanichkul.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The evaluation of cell energy of wild-type (FcgRIIB+/+) macrophages and FcgRIIB–/– cells after single (N/100) or sequential (100/100) LPS stimulation vs. control (N/N) as determined by (1) mitochondrial assessment with Mitotracker Red as presented in representative figures from 6 h post-stimulation (A) and quantitative score (B), (2) semi-quantitative expression of mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNA) in relative to β2 microglobulin (β2M) gene by qRT-PCR (C), and (3) luminescence intensity of cellular ATP production (D) are demonstrated. Total cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as evaluated by Dihydroethidium (DHE) assay (E) are also shown (Independent triplicate experiments were performed; *p < 0.05).