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. 2020 Jun 9;11:959. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00959

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Copyright © 2020 Jaroonwitchawan, Visitchanakun, Dang, Ritprajak, Palaga and Leelahavanichkul.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic diagram (A) of the experiment with LPS-tolerance induction (LPS/LPS) in wild-type (FcgRIIB+/+) bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR; a pemt inhibitor) compared with LPS-tolerant FcgRIIB–/– macrophages as determined by supernatant cytokines (B–D), number of lipid droplets intensity from Oil Red O staining by ImageJ software evaluation (E), semi-quantitative expression of mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNA) relative to β2 microglobulin (β2M) gene by qRT-PCR (F), luminescence intensity of cellular ATP production (G), and the representative Oil Red O staining (H) from these cells after the stimulations are demonstrated. Independent triplicate experiments were performed.